Ukuthutha e-Japan kuba lula kakhulu uma ungakwazi ukubuza indlela, ukubhukisha ikamore lehhotela, noma ukuziphakamisela uhlelo lwe-den (electric train) nge-Japanese. Lomu hlathululi uzokufundisa izifundo eziyinhloko zokusakaza e-Japan oyidingayo ukuze usikhiphe izikhumbuzo, usebenzise umlando we-den, uphakamisele amahhotela, kanye nokuzikhuza entshonalanga. Noma nje ukutengeneza i-shinkansen kuya e-Kyoto noma ukuthola indlela ngaphandle kweSubway yase-Tokyo, lezi zifundo zizokusiza ukuthi usebenzisane ngendlela enoba ngephansi kanye nokutshengisa inhlonipho kulwandle lwezintu.
Ukuziphakamisela ezindaweni zokuthutha ezinhle kakhulu zase-Japan kulula uma wazi lezi zifundo eziyinhloko. Izindawo zokulawula izikhumbuzo namadiliyane azingasentshonalanga kuba yinto ebanzi, kodwa abakhi abasethi basemanzanweni bona banempilo ehluhlu uma ukubiswa kahle.
空港はどこですか？
Kūkō wa doko desu ka?
Nini indawo yekhomphalethi?
I-'ū' engu-double ku-'kūkō' iyenisa i-'u' sound kokukhanya okwengeziwe. Gcina i-'ka' ekupheleni iyevuteka kancane ukukhombisa umbuzo.
切符を持っています
Kippu o motte imasu
Nginoticket
I-'pp' engu-double ku-'kippu' ingumthwalo omthobi. 'Motte' inokheza okumthobi phakathi kwe-'tt' sounds.
いつ出発しますか？
Itsu shuppatsu shimasu ka?
Nini isikwelezi elivela?
'Tsu' sound ayikho ku-English. Zama ukusho 'ts' njengakuphela kwe-'cats' kodwa njengesigaba sokwenza.
タクシーが必要です
Takushī ga hitsuyō desu
Ngiyadinga i-taxi
'Ī' elide ku-'takushī' lwelingisa i-'ee' sound. 'Hitsuyō' inekusho okungaphansi kwesigaba sesibili.
電車が遅れています
Densha ga okurete imasu
I-den ivuthela
'Densha' ibambezelana ngokushangaziwe. I-'rete' ku-'okurete' kufanele ibheke ngaphandle kwemithombo ethobi.
Nge nje ukuthi ulala ku-ryokan esindebele noma i-hotel ye-modern, lezi zifundo zizokusiza ukuba ukubhaliswe, ubuza imibuzo, kanye nokulutha izinkinga ngokumusele.
予約があります
Yoyaku ga arimasu
Nginokulungiswa
Isigaba ngasinye ku-'yoyaku' sikhiphe isikhumbuzo esilinganayo. I-'ri' ku-'arimasu' ingusayindi omthobi, cishe zifana ne-'li'.
荷物を失くしました
Nimotsu o nakushimashita
Ngilahle izandi zami
'Tsu' sound ivela kanye naku-'nimotsu'. Ukungela kwamakholishi 'mashita' kunesikhumbuzo sakusho okungaphansi ku-'shi'.
何時に着きますか？
Nanji ni tsukimasu ka?
Nini sizofika?
'Nanji' kusho 'nini' ngalokugcwele. 'Tsu' ku-'tsukimasu' ihambela ibhalwa, okusho ethimizeke ku-English speakers.
チェックインをお願いします
Chekku in o onegai shimasu
Ngiyacela i-check-in
'Chekku in' isolwe sisibhubhesi esiEngilizi. 'Onegai' sithinta singathi 'oh-neh-guy' kodwa ibambezelane ngokumusele.
Iziphakamiso zase-Japan zingabangela umuntu ayizwele, ikakhulukazi cishe emajatini amakhulukhulu. Lezi zifundo zikusiza ukuziphakamisela izitshezi, ibuze indlela, kanye nokuzikhulela lapho unakisiwe.
バス停はどこですか？
Basu tei wa doko desu ka?
Nini indawo ye-bhasi?
'Basu' ivela kusomlomo wesiEngilizi 'bus'. 'Tei' sithinta 'tay' kanye kusho 'umthombo' noma 'indawo'.
道に迷いました
Michi ni mayoimashita
Ngilahle indlela
'Michi' kusho 'umthombo' noma 'indlela'. 'Mayoimashita' inamabili esigaba amane esinegawana sesikhathi.
地図で教えてください
Chizu de oshiete kudasai
Ungasikhumbuza kumaphi esikhephe?
'Chizu' ikhiphe, amabili amadiliyane. 'Oshiete kudasai' ifomu locela elinge ozoyisebenzisa ngezinye.
まっすぐ行ってください
Massugu itte kudasai
Hamba ngqo, ngiyacela
'Ss' engu-double ku-'massugu' yakwenza umkhubu omthobi. 'Itte' isi-te-form se-'go', eyinhloko yezilungiselelo.
ここで止まってください
Koko de tomatte kudasai
Misa lapha, ngiyacela
'Koko' kusho 'lapha'. I-'tt' engu-double ku-'tomatte' yakwenza umkhubu omthobi ngaphambi kokwenzeka.
角を曲がってください
Kado o magatte kudasai
Jija encengeni, ngiyacela
'Kado' kusho umkhubu. 'Magatte' ivela ku-'magaru' (jija), nege-'tt' engu-double edinga umkhubu omthobi.
Ukuqonda nokuthi izinto zikude kangakanani kanye nokukhombisa zazo kuwalandelayo abe ilungiselelo lokubalekela kwakho. Lezi zifundo zikusiza ukuqonda ibude kanye nesikhathi.
どのくらい遠いですか？
Dono kurai tōi desu ka?
Kude kangakanani?
'Ō' ku-'tōi' lwelingisa. 'Kurai' sithinta 'koo-rye', isibalo esifana ne-'eye'.
渋滞はありますか？
Jūtai wa arimasu ka?
Ingabe kunesikweli?
'Jūtai' inesi-'ū' long sound. Lona igama elomthobi elisho 'ithunelo lokusikweli' ngokuqonda.
駐車できますか？
Chūsha dekimasu ka?
Ngisingapaka lapha?
'Chūsha' ine-'ū' elide. 'Dekimasu' kusho 'ngiyakwazi ukwenza' kanye kuba nothando kumakontekisiti amaningi.
片道ですか？往復ですか？
Katamichi desu ka? Ōfuku desu ka?
Indlela owodwana noma ozobuyisela?
'Katamichi' inamabili esigaba amane, okulinganayo kuhlobiswa. 'Ōfuku' ine-'ō' long okukuqalela.
I-punctuality iyazuzwa ngokumthobi e-Japan. Lezi zifundo zohlobo lukhuluma zikusiza ukubila okuhlanganisiwe, iqonde amajele, kanye nokurhejimu isinhlelo sesikhathi.
今何時ですか？
Ima nanji desu ka?
Nini isikhathi manje?
'Ima' kusho 'manje'. 'Nanji' igama lokubiza isikhathi, elibumelel 'nan' (kuthini) kanye ne-'ji' (ihola).
また明日
Mata ashita
Ngizokuba nesikhathi ekuseni
Okwesimanje kanye nokubambela. Isigaba ngasinye sithinta isimo esilinganayo ngaphandle kwekusho esingaphansi.
今じゃなくて、後で
Ima janakute, ato de
Hhayi manje, kamva
'Janakute' isifo sonega se-'desu'. 'Ato de' kusho 'kamva'.
もうすぐです
Mō sugu desu
Kusasa kamnandi
'Mō' ine-'o' long sound. 'Sugu' kusho 'ngokukhethekile' noma 'kusasa', okukhanda okubili okusheshene kanye nokulungile.
Lapho udinga usizo lokuthola izinto, iqonde indawo yezinto, noma ushiye usizo, lezi zifundo zikuholela phambili.
どこに置きましたか？
Doko ni okimashita ka?
Wakubeke ngaphi?
'Okimashita' isikhathi somaphutha se-'put/place'. I-'ki' iyosiphambano, cishe zifana ne-'key' kodwa kumfoto.
見つかりません
Mitsukarimasen
Angikwazi ukuthola
'Tsu' sound kabusha. 'Masen' isifo sonega, izivumelwana 'mah-sen' nge-'n' elimthobi.
誰か助けてください
Dareka tasukete kudasai
Ingabe omunye angasiza?
'Dareka' kusho 'omunye'. 'Tasukete' isi-te-form se-'help', okuyi-request.
これを使ってください
Kore o tsukatte kudasai
Ngiyacela ukusebenzisa loko
'Tsukatte' ivela ku-'tsukau' (sebenzisa). 'Tsu' okwangeziwe okusukela emuva yelo.
Amathiphu
Umsindo wamagama: IsiJapanese inezinhlamvu ezifana ne-Zulu njengokuthi 'ka', 'ta', 'na', 'ma' kodwa ukuphimba kwazo kwehlukile. Uma usiZulu, uzojwayela ukuthi zonke izinhlamvu zilandela isakhiwo se-consonant-vowel (njengokuthi 'ku', 'ba', 'zi'), kufana nesiZulu. Kodwa qaphela ukuthi isiJapanese asinazinhlamvu ezihlukene zokukhala okufana no-'q', 'v', noma izimfika ezinkulu ezifana nesiZulu. Umsindo othi 'tsu' (つ) awukho esiZulwini, futhi kudingeka uzijwayeze ukuphimba umsindo othi 'r/l' ngoba isiJapanese asikhethuli phakathi kwalezi zinhlamvu njengesiZulu. Ukuphindaphinda ngokuzwa nokusho izinsuku zonke kuyosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphimba okunembile.
Ukubingelela ngesiJapanese lapho uhamba: Lapho ufika ezindaweni zokuvakasha eJapan, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi indlela yokubuza usizo ngesiJapanese idinga inhlonipho ephakeme. Sebenzisa 'Sumimasen' (ngiyaxolisa/uxolo) phambi kokubuza umbuzo ngoba lokhu kubonisa inhlonipho. Uma ufuna ukubuza indawo, ungasho 'Sumimasen, [igama lendawo] wa doko desu ka?' (Uxolo, i-[indawo] ikuphi?). Abantu baseJapan bayalindela ukuthi uzokuthi 'arigatou gozaimasu' (ngiyabonga kakhulu) noma 'doumo' (ngiyabonga) ngemuva kokusiza. IsiZulu sinesiko lokubingelela ngesihlonipho kepha isiJapanese sinezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izaga zokubonga kanye nokuxolisa lapho uhlangana nabantu abangamasihambi ezitaladini naseziteshini zezitimela.
Izakhiwo zomusho: IsiZulu silandela i-subject-verb-object (SVO) njengokuthi 'Ngithanda ukudla', kodwa isiJapanese sisebenzisa i-subject-object-verb (SOV) lapho isenzo siza ekugcineni. Isibonelo, 'Ngithenga ibhuku' ngesiZulu kuba 'Watashi wa hon o kaimasu' (Mina ibhuku ngiyathenga) ngesiJapanese. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi umsindo womusho ube hlukile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiJapanese sisebenzisa 'particles' okungama-wa, ga, o, ni, e okuchaza ubuhlobo bamagama emushweni, okungafani nesiZulu esilungisa lokhu ngokushintsha iziqalo zamagama. Uzodinga ukujwayela ukulalela isenzi ekugcineni komusho ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi umuntu ushoni, ikakhulukazi lapho uhlangana nezaziso eziteshini.
Ukufunda izimpawu zomgwaqo: Lapho uvakasha eJapan, uzobhekana nama-kanji (izinhlamvu zamaShayina), hiragana, kanye ne-katakana ezimpawini zomgwaqo naseziteshini. Okubalulekile ukuthi ujwayele ukufunda amagama anjengokuthi '出口' (deguchi, indawo yokuphuma), '入口' (iriguchi, indawo yokungena), '駅' (eki, isiteshi), kanye no-'トイレ' (toire, indlu yangasese). Izimpawu eziningi zezitimela zine-romaji (izinhlamvu zoNgisi) kodwa ungabancike kuzo zonke izikhathi. Uma ufunda i-hiragana ne-katakana (ezinezinhlamvu ezingu-46 ngayinye), uzokwazi ukufunda amagama amaningi okuphatha nokudla. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu esiZulwini lapho sibhala nge-Latin alphabet kuphela. Funda okungenani i-hiragana ne-katakana ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Izinga lenhlonipho nokusebenzisa izihloko: IsiJapanese sinezindlela eziningi zokukhuluma ngokwehlukana kwezinga lenhlonipho, okufana kancane nesiko lesiZulu lapho sikhuluma nabadala noma abantu abahloniphekile. EsiZulwini sithi 'nina' noma sisebenzisa izibongo zokuhlonipha, kodwa isiJapanese siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-suffix anjengokuthi 'san' (uhlonipho oluvamile), 'sama' (inhlonipho ephezulu), 'kun' (kubafana abasha), noma 'chan' (kubangane abasondelene). Lapho uvakasha eJapan, sebenzisa 'san' ngemuva kwegama lomuntu ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugwema ukungahloniphi. Ungasebenzisi igama lakho nge-'san' lapho uzikhulumela. Qaphela ukuthi isiJapanese futhi sinezenzo ezihlukene zenhlonipho ezifana no-'itadakimasu' (ngaphambi kokudla) kanye no-'gochisousama' (ngemuva kokudla) okudingeka ukuthi uwasho.
Ingabe IsiJapanese Kunzima Kulokuhamba
IsiJapanese sisenokwetswa nokuthi kunzima, kodwa ngezinjongo zokuhamba okuyisisekelo, kumnandi kakhulu. Umlomo uhamba kalula kubaningi Abakhulunyane iZulu ngaphandle kwe 'tsu' nezipho ezinde. Uhlelo lwamaphuzu lungahlukile (insimu isifo.noma yisifo.noma verb kunesifo.verb.sifo), kodwa uma ufunde amaphuzu ambalwa, ayohlala njalo. Izinkinga ezikhulu isikhathi zingulimi lokubhala, kodwa njengohambi, ungathembela ekukhulumeni nasekubhalweni kwesintu. Umlomo wasiJapanese ube kahle kunesintu, benonzuzo olwandle. Inzuzo enkulu kubaningi Abakhulunyane iZulu yizinga lokusulela, kodwa uhlale kuzenzi zesintu 'desu/masu' kusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izimo zokuhamba. Okuyinhloko, abantu basiJapanese bayithanda kakhulu umbuzo womuntu ozama ukulumela ulimi lwabo, ngakho-ke nokuba umlomo wakho ungalungile, uzosukuma ngothando kunesifo.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ngiyadinga isiJapan ukuthutha e-Japan?
Awugcini ukuthi ufunde isiJapan ukuthutha e-Japan, ikakhulukazi emajatini amakhulukhulu lapho iziburiro ziminingi eziEngilizi kanye nabasebenzi abandluze abahlukile basolwazi esiEngilizi. Kodwa ukufunda izifundo eziyinhloko kuenza uhambo lwakho lumbalele kakhulu kanye lunele. Ngaphandle kweTokyoe-Kyoto, esiEngilizi sidlula, ngakho ukwazi ukubuza indlela, uhlele ukudla, kanye nokulutha izinkinga zomkhubu (tasks) kubalulekile. Ngisho izifundo eziyinhloko zikhombisa inzondo kanye nokuhlonipho, okuvame okuholela kubandlalele abantu futhi begwele ukubize usizo.
Zinloko ezinhlobonhlobo zakho zokubaluleka okuthutha e-Japan?
Izifundo eziyinhloko kubalulekile yizikhungo zokhithiza ('kudasai' forms), imibuzo yendawo ('doko desu ka' kusho 'yaphi'), kanye nokusebenzisana okwesimanje njenge-'sumimasen' (uxolo), 'arigato gozaimasu' (ngiyabonga), kanye 'wakarimasen' (angizoqondi). Ukwazi ukusho 'ngihlahlekile' (mayoimashita) kanye nokubuza usizo (tasukete kudasai) kukhombisa izinkinga. 'Kore o kudasai' (loku, ngiyacela) kunesikhathi okuwazwayo kunayo konke ukuthenga nokusebenzisa.
Ngithini uma ngilahlekile eJapan?
Ungasho 'Sumimasen, michi ni mayotte imasu' (uxolo, ngilahlekile) bese ubuza 'Doko desu ka?' (ikuphi?). Abantu baseJapan bayasiza kakhulu, kepha kuhle ukuba nesithombe sendawo oyifunayo noma ikheli elibhaliwe.
Ngifunda kanjani izinombolo ngesiJapan ukuthenga izinto?
Izinombolo eziyisisekelo ngesiJapan ziwukuthi: ichi (1), ni (2), san (3), yon (4), go (5). Ukufunda izinombolo kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-10 kuyakusiza ekuthengeni, ekukhokheni nasekubuzeni amanani.
Yini okufanele ngiyazi ngokudla erestyu eJapan?
Funda ukuthi 'Itadakimasu' (sisho ngaphambi kokudla) kanye nokuthi 'Gochisousama deshita' (siyabonga ngemva kokudla). Ungacela imenyu ngokuthi 'Menyuu o kudasai' bese usho 'Oishii' (kumnandi) ukubonga abapheki.