Noma ubhekisa uhambo oluya eBerlin, uqala izifundo zolwimi, noma nje usulele ngesijerimane, ukuqonda izilizali ezimbalwa eziyisiko lizokushintsha umjikelezo wakho kusukela phansi kwesilimela kuye ekuxhumaneni nokwenyama. Umhlahlandlela wale wufundisa izilizali eziyisithupha nesine zesintu zesijerimane ezisemqoka ngempela ezihlanganisa konke kusukela ekubingelleni ngomkhulu kuya ekubuzan uncedo lapho izinto zinga kuqonda kahle. Uzofunda indlela yokuzethula, izindlela zokuoda isithwala, ukubuza izlwandle, kanye nokuphakamisela lezi zikhatshana lapho ungasaqondi kuze kube nomuntu omane esile. Ilizali ngalilizali ibandakanya amabali okubizwa ngamagama okugelezela anamele kakhulu kwabafundi abambili bezuluziselani, ngakho ungaqalela ukunonophele nenkonzo inakho ekusuleni.
Imimangele yokuqala ibalulekile nanoma kupi, futhi eJalimani yonakanti. Lezi zilizali zesiseko zizokusiza ukuqala ukuxhumana ngomkhulu futhi uzikhethule ngokungenqala.
Hallo!
HAH-loh
Sawubona!
Gaba ishilela yokuqala ngokunqoba. I 'o' yisandi sesigubhu esisodwa, hhayi isandi esiphindwayo njengo 'hello' ngoLungu.
Ich heiße...
ikh HY-suh
Igama lami ngu...
I 'ß' (ebizwa ngokuthi eszett) isindji esishubile njengo 's' ngo 'sun.' Isambeli 'ei' lisindji njengo 'eye.'
Freut mich
FROYT mikh
Kuhle ukukuthola
Gcinela isandi 'r' sikhanyisane, kuzala njengo tsho ephangilisweni. Ungagodli njengo Spanish.
Ich komme aus...
ikh KOM-muh ows
Ngiyavela ku...
I 'e' ekugcineni kwa 'komme' yisandi esifanayo ne 'uh,' hhayi isandi esingekho njengo Lungu.
Woher kommst du?
voh-HAIR kommst doo
Uvela kuphi?
Isambeli 'st' ekugcineni sibonakaliswe ngokunzi. Ungayiki i 't' ukuba ilawula.
Ukugugu kuhamba kalule eJalimane. Lezi zilizali zesiseko zikhokhisise inkosi kanye zakusukulula izimo zentshiselwano ngokungenqaba.
Bitte
BIT-tuh
Ngiyakukubiza / Uvele
I 'i' isindji esifanayo ne 'i' ngo 'bit,' hhayi njengo 'bite.' Gcina isandi esiphelele nesikhulu.
Danke
DAHN-kuh
Ngiyabonga
Ungagodli i 'n' ne 'k' ngangethulukalaniswa. Zihlanganisa ngokungenqaba.
Entschuldigung
ent-SHOOL-dee-goong
Uxolo / Ngiyaxoliswa
Leli ligama lisibulukhwe oluluhlu lwabaqalali. Yihlukanisa izingxenye: ent-SHOOL-dee-goong. Isikhathi siwa kuyo neshumi lesibili.
Kein Problem
kine pro-BLAYM
Asikwazi umuntu
I 'r' ngo 'Problem' ingaba ijikelezi isikhathi noma yisindi sesikwefakani, kuya ngezifunda.
Ungajabuli lapho abantu baseJalimane bacula ngesikhulu. Lezi zilizali zisiza ukucwaya izinto futhi kuqonde okuzwayo.
Ich verstehe nicht
ikh fair-SHTAY-uh nikht
Angiqondi
I 'e' ngo 'verstehe' iyicazelelo njenge 'ay' ngo 'say.' Ungakhohlwa i 't' yokugcina ngo 'nicht.'
Können Sie das wiederholen?
KER-nen zee dahs VEE-der-hoh-len
Ungayiphindela?
Yihlukanisa 'wiederholen' izingxenye ezintathu: VEE-der-hoh-len. Ishilela ngalilizali liyowona isikhathi esfanayo.
Langsamer, bitte
LAHNG-zah-mer BIT-tuh
Ukuhamba kancane, ngiyakukubiza
Izandi 'a' zonke zitho isandi evulekile ye 'ah'. Gcinela isandi 'r' ekugcineni kwa 'langsamer' ekuncinane kakhulu.
Was bedeutet das?
vahs buh-DOY-tet dahs
Lokho kusho ukuthini?
Isikhathi siwela ko 'DOY' ngo 'bedeutet.' I 't' yokugcina izinto ezikhanyisane futhi zehlele.
Noma ubheka izimpahla noma izithwala, lezi zilizali zikusiza ukuba nonophele izindlu zezemali futhi ukubuza amanani ngokuzithemba.
Wie viel kostet das?
vee feel KOS-tet dahs
Lokhu kubalwa yini?
I 'o' ngo 'kostet' itho isandi esisumunyekilize, hhayi isambeli njengo 'coast' ngoLungu.
Das ist zu teuer
dahs ist tsoo TOY-er
Lokhu kubalwe kakhulu
Gcinela zonke izandi 's' ezikhanyisane futhi ezihlukile. I 'r' ekugcineni kwa 'teuer' incinane kakhulu.
Ich nehme das
ikh NAY-muh dahs
Ngizothatha lokhu
Ungayiki i 'e' yokugcina ukufa. Isongelwe njengo 'uh' encinane.
Ukubhukuda yingxenye yesiphathamandla. Lezi zilizali zikusiza ukuthola indlela yakho kwisichithi seJalimane nezigamu.
Wo ist...?
voh ist
Kukhona kupi...?
Gcinela isandi esifuphi futhi elula. Zombili amagama awucwabu olunye ngesandi elikhanyisanile.
Links
links
Kwesokunxele
Ungayihlukanisi izandi zekhombozonko ekugcineni. Kuyilizali elilodwa eliphambana: links, hhayi lin-ks.
Rechts
rekhts
Kwesokudla
Lokhu lingaba nzima. I 'ch' kanye ne 'ts' ndawonye kudinga umkhanyo. Yihlukanisa: rekh-ts.
Ist es weit?
ist ess vite
Kubalua kukalala?
I 't' ekugcineni kwa 'ist' kanye 'weit' kufanele ikhaniye ngokungenqaba, hhayi ilawulwe.
Kusukela kwikafi kuya ezindlunkulu, lezi zilizali zikusiza ukuoda okuthile nowukutaleka imenya ngokuzithemba.
Ein Wasser, bitte
ine VAHS-ser BIT-tuh
Amanzi awodwa, ngiyakukubiza
I 'r' ngo 'Wasser' ingaba ijikelezi nesikhathi noma yisindi sesikwefakani. Zombili ziyafanele.
Ich hätte gern...
ikh HET-tuh gairn
Ngandoda...
I 'tt' yobishwayo ikhiqiza umkhutsho omncane. I 'ch' itho 'soft throat sound' esifundele.
Ich habe Hunger
ikh HAH-buh HOONG-er
Ngilambile
I 'H' ekuqaleni kwa 'Hunger' inamagwala futhi ibalulekile, hhayi yayishiywe njengo 'h' emachuben asetheni.
Die Rechnung, bitte
dee REKH-noong BIT-tuh
Isikhalelo, ngiyakukubiza
Isandi 'ie' ngo 'die' lisindji esifanayo ne 'ee' ngo 'see.' Gcinela i 'g' ngo 'Rechnung' ekuncinane kakhulu, kuzala ichithwe.
Lapho okuthile kwenzakele noma unodinga insizakalo, lezi zilizali ziqinisekisa ukuthi ungathola uncedo onodinga.
Können Sie mir helfen?
KER-nen zee meer HEL-fen
Ungabangela?
I 'r' ngo 'mir' incinane kakhulu. I 'f' ngo 'helfen' ikhanyisanile futhi inamandla.
Ich brauche Hilfe
ikh BROW-khuh HIL-fuh
Ngibuthi insizakalo
I 'i' ngo 'Hilfe' isindi esifanayo ne 'i' ngo 'bill.' Ungakhohlwa i 'e' yokugcina ibizwe njengo 'uh.'
Amathiphu
Ukubingelela: EsiZulu sithi 'Sawubona' noma 'Sanibonani' lapho sibingelela, kodwa esiJalimane kukhona izindlela eziningi zokubingelela ezincike esikhathini sosuku. Ekuseni bathi 'Guten Morgen', emini bathi 'Guten Tag', ntambama bathi 'Guten Abend', futhi ebusuku bathi 'Gute Nacht'. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasha bavame ukusebenzisa 'Hallo' noma 'Hi' lapho bekhuluma nabangani, kuyilapho abantu abadala besebenzisa 'Grüß Gott' ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu nesiZulu lapho 'Sawubona' ingasetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi esiJalimane banamkhuba wokuxoxa izandla lapho bebingelela, futhi babheka emehlweni, njengoba nakithi esiZulwini.
Inhlonipho Nokuhlonipha: EsiJalimane kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokusho 'wena' ngendlela esemthethweni nengekho semthethweni, okufana nendlela esisho ngayo 'nina' noma 'wena' esiZulwini. Bathi 'Sie' lapho bekhuluma nabantu abadala, abangazi kahle, noma ezikhungweni zasemhlabanini, kanti bathi 'du' lapho bekhuluma nabangani, abantwana, noma imindeni. Lesi yisici esisemqoka kakhulu lapho ufunda imisho eyisisekelo. Uma ungasebenzisi 'Sie' lapho kufanele, ungabonakala ungahloniphi noma ungenandaba. Esikhathini samanje, izingane nezinsizwa zivame ukusebenzisa 'du' ngokushesha, kodwa kungcono kulinde umuntu omdala akutshele ukuthi ungasebenzisa 'du'. Lokhu kufana nendlela esithatha ngayo inhlonipho esiZulwini lapho sikhuluma nabantu abadala noma abehlukene.
Umsindo wokwehlisa: EsiJalimane kunemisindo eminingi engeziwa esiZulwini, ikakhulukazi umsindo ka-'ü', 'ö', ne-'ä'. Le misindo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-umlaut, futhi inguqula incazelo yamagama. Isibonelo, 'Mutter' kusho 'umama', kodwa 'Mütter' kusho 'omama' (ubuningi). Thina bantu abakhuluma isiZulu sidinga ukuzijwayeza le misindo ngoba ayikho olimini lwethu. Umsindo ka-'ü' wenzeka lapho ulokhu izindebe zakho ezingathi uzosho u-'u' kodwa uzama ukusho u-'i'. Umsindo ka-'ö' ufana nalokho, kodwa usho u-'o' futhi uzama u-'e'. Kufanele uzijwayeze ngokuphindaphinda ukusho la magama njengokuthi 'fünf' (five), 'schön' (beautiful), ne-'Bär' (bear). Ukuqaphela lokhu kusuka ekuqaleni kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhulume kahle futhi uqondwe kalula.
Isakhiwo Somusho: Ngokwehlukile kakhulu nesiZulu lapho isenzo sivame ukuza ekugcineni komusho emishweni encikile, esiJalimane isenzo sesikhathi esiphelile noma i-infinitive sihlala ekugcineni. Isibonelo, uma uthi 'Ngifuna ukudla', esiJalimane kuba ngu-'Ich will essen' (Ngifuna ukudla), lapho i-'essen' (ukudla) imi ekugcineni. Kodwa uma uthi 'Ngidlile', kuba ngu-'Ich habe gegessen', lapho i-'gegessen' imi ekugcineni. Lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu kubafundi bakithi ngoba esiZulwini sivame ukusho 'Ngi-dl-ile' lapho isenzo si-'dla' sisondelene nesandiso. Kufanele ujwayele ukucabanga ngomusho wonke ngaphambi kokukhuluma, futhi ukhumbule ukuthi isenzo simi ekugcineni emishweni eminingi. Lokhu kuyingxenye esemqoka yokwakha imisho eyisisekelo.
Amagama Avumelana: Nakuba isiZulu nesiJalimane kungezona izilimi ezihlobene, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezifanayo ngenxa yokuxhumana kwezinkolo nabalimi baseMelika. Igama elithi 'amen' liyafana ezilimini zombili, lisuka esiHebheru. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele amagama afana kodwa asho izinto ezihlukene. Isibonelo, esiJalimane i-'gift' isho 'ubuthi' noma into enobungozi, hhayi isipho njengoba singacabanga. I-'rat' isho 'igundane' nesiJalimane, hhayi iseluleko. Esikhathini esedlule, abasebenzi bamaJalimane bafika eNingizimu Afrika, ngakho-ke kunezinto ezithile ezamukelwe ezinkulumeni zethu, ikakhulukazi emagameni okwakha nezobunjiniyela. Ukwazi lokhu kuzokwenza ungaweli emjibini wokucabanga ukuthi igama elisho into ethile esiZulwini lisho into efanayo esiJalimane.
Kuthatha Umzamo Omkhulu Kanjani Ukufunda Izipho Eziyisisekelo ZesiJalimane?
Izipho eziyisisekelo zesiJalimane ziyafinyeleleka kakhulu kubazimuzi baseZulu. Ulimi lwesiZulu nolwesiJalimane lunomhubhe omkhulu wamashumi ezinkulungwane wamaphrase akufana (njengokuthi 'Wasser' ifana ne 'amanzi', 'Musik' ifana ne 'umculo'). Izakhiwo eziningi zesiZulu zihambisana naso. Izinselele enkulu zinezinkinga zokuhlanyela izwi (ikakhulukazi izandi ze 'ch' ne 'r'), izikhombo zesibizo (ingender yamabizo), nokulandelana kwamagama esisetshenziswe sezisho ezinkomplikejisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngamafreyizi ayisisekelo akudingekile kakhulu. Uzoba kuthola ukuthi abantu baseJalimane bananele futhi bayakuthokoza uma uzenzela umzamo. Ngokuhlukene nalolimi olunezinhlelo zokubhala ezihlukene nokuphela, ungakwazi ukufunda isiJalimane kusukela osukwini lokuqala. Isikhiyalezimoto siqhubeka nokuba nolusizo olugqukezela ezingeni eliphezulu, kepha lamagama okuphila awadinga ukunikeza amagama okungenisa noma ukunikeza amabhulugethi okusebenzisa. Ngokusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa lamagama angama 23 ngokunethemba lapho kunesikhathi esimbalwa semivula.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini izilizali ezenziwe esisiko kakhulu zesintu zesijerimane abaqalali?
Izilizali ezenziwe esisiko kakhulu zesintu zesijerimane abaqalali yilezi: ukubingelela (Hallo, Guten Tag), izilizali zokugugu (Bitte, Danke, Entschuldigung), kanye nezicelo zoncedo (Ich verstehe nicht, Können Sie mir helfen?). Ekulemeni, engeza 'Wo ist...?' (Kukhona kupi...?), 'Wie viel kostet das?' (Lokhu kubalwa yini?), kanye 'Die Rechnung, bitte' (Isikhalelo, ngiyakukubiza). Lezi zilizali ezisemqoka zihlanganisa u-80% wokukhiphe kwesikhathi sokuqonda.
Ngifunda kanjani ukubingelela ngesiJalimane?
Ukubingelela okuyisisekelo ngesiJalimane kufaka phakathi 'Guten Morgen' (sawubona ekuseni), 'Guten Tag' (sawubona emini), kanye no 'Guten Abend' (sawubona kusihlwa). Ungaqala ngalezi zinkulumo ezilula bese uthuthukisa amakhono akho ngokuzijwayeza nsuku zonke.
Ngithini uma ngifuna ukucela into ngesiJalimane?
Sebenzisa igama elithi 'bitte' (sicela) lapho ucela into, isibonelo 'Ein Kaffee, bitte' (ikhofi, sicela). Kubalulekile ukuhlala uhloniphile futhi usebenzise 'Danke' (siyabonga) ngemva kokuthola into oyicelile.
Amaphuzu abalulekile esiJalimane ukuxhumana nabantu?
Funda ukuthi 'Wie geht es dir?' (kunjani?), 'Ja' (yebo), 'Nein' (cha), kanye nokuthi 'Entschuldigung' (uxolo). Lezi zinkulumo ziyakusiza ukuxhumana nabantu ngendlela enobungane futhi ehloniphekile.
Kulula yini ukufunda isiJalimane kubantu abakhuluma isiNgisi?
IsiJalimane nesiNgisi zivela emndenini ofanayo wezilimi, ngakho kunamagama amaningi afanayo. Noma kunjalo, isiJalimane sinohlelo lwamagrama olukhulu olunesidingo sokufunda, kodwa ngokuzijwayeza okuvamile ungaphumelela.