Ukufunda iziphrase zesisekelo zeFrench kuvula umnyango wezingxoxo zangempela, nokubona uthi ufika eParis, uhlangane nabangani abasho isiFrench, noma uqale uhambo lwakho lokuteachwa ulwimi. Lezi zinkulumo zesisekelo zizokusiza ukucabangela umuntu, ukubuza usizo, ukuodera ukudla, nokuhamba ngothokozelela emislaleni yansuku zonke nginotshiselelo. Ngaphandle kokukhumbula imithetho yegrama okokuqala, uzokwethuka kugxoxo okusetshenziswa yisikhonzi sesiNative amakere emihla leyo. Cabanga ngale iziphrase njengezinto ozodinga ngenkathi ukhona ekhoneni lapho kunesithuthi: intomusha, esetshenziswa, nokusebenza kanjalo kukhona..
Okuqukethwe
Okuqala Okusho Kanye Nokuzinikeza
Umyezo wokuqala ubalulekile. Lezi iziphrase zikusiza ukuzisho kanye nokuqalisa izingxoxo ngendlela enele.
Bonjour!
bohn-ZHOOR
Sanibonani! Usuku oluhle!
Umezwa wokuphinda kusho okukukhulu kocwaningo lungu lesibili. Umlangeni wenziwa emuva kwasalela, okungekho ngenkathi isikhonzi sikhuluma.
Je m'appelle...
zhuh mah-PELL
Igama lami ngu...
Ilethi 'e' enkingisizwe 'appelle' iyatsho njenge 'eh'. Ayikwanele ayikushise.
Enchanté
ahn-shahn-TAY
Ikhuluma enomthwalo
Gcina inkinga yokugcina 'é' ibukeke nokuhle, njenge 'ay' ku 'say'.
Je viens de...
zhuh vee-EHN duh
Ngihlala ku...
Ilethi 's' entambo 'viens' iyalala. EsifrenchSimela amakhereli okugcina.
D'où venez-vous?
doo vuh-NAY voo
Uphumela kuphi?
Umekeleke ikhonsa: ilethi 'z' elala ku 'venez' iyajika isikhonzo phambi kwe 'vous'.
Izikhonzo Ezinomthwalo Kanye Nokuconsela
Umthwalo ubalulekile kukakuluthwa esazini seSifrench. Lezi iziphrase zibonisa inhlonipho nokusebenza kahle ngesinye isitufi.
S'il vous plaît
seel voo PLEH
Ngiyacela
Ilethi 't' ku 'plaît' ilala. Yalinde umthwalo wesisekelo 'pleh' sikhonzo.
Merci
mehr-SEE
Ngiyabonga
Cikatshela isikhonzo esikhulu. Ayinswe umlangeni ilezindawo.
Je suis désolé
zhuh swee day-zoh-LAY
Ngikhala kahle
Humanisa amazwi ndawonye nisisina. EsifrenchSimela ngokulandeka kunesikhonzo esingenakushisa.
Excusez-moi
ex-kew-ZAY mwah
Ngiyaxolisa
Ilethi 'x' itsho njenge 'ks'. Ayitsho ilethi 'z' ku 'excusez' njenge English 'z'; iyasizili.
Pas de problème
pah duh proh-BLEM
Akunaluhlobo lwengxaki
Cikatshela 'pas de' entweni elincane, cishucu njenge 'pahd'. Eka eliphakamela ku 'problème'.
Uma Awukwazi Ukwazi
Izindleko zengxoxo zenzeka kwaye umuntu ufunda ulwimi olusha. Lezi iziphrase ziquketela izingxoxo uma uxinwe.
Je ne comprends pas
zhuh nuh kohm-PRAHN pah
Ngiqapi
Ilethi lala yonke indawo: ilethi 's' ku 'comprends' kanye ilethi 's' ku 'pas' ziyalala.
Pouvez-vous répéter?
poo-vay voo ray-pay-TAY
Ngiyacela uphinde kakhulu?
Ayitsho ilethi 'r' ku 'répéter' njenge English. Cikatshela ikhonsa okufushane.
Parlez plus lentement
par-LAY plew lahnt-MAHN
Khuluma kancane kancane
Ilethi 's' ku 'plus' ingalala noma yetsho ikakhulekile ngokunxa okulandela. Phambi 'lentement', ilala.
Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire?
kess-kuh sah vuh DEER
Okutsholeswa yini?
Ilethi 'ça' itsho njenge 'sah'. Ilethi yokugcina 'e' ku 'dire' cishucu alala futhi ikhombisa isikhonzo esincane 'uh'.
Ukuthenga Kanye Nemibuzo Yemali
Ngeqapi kumgoqo, kafe, noma isabhakulazi, lezi iziphrase zikusiza ukuhweba okuchiselwe ngotshiselelo.
C'est combien?
say kohm-BEE-ehn
Kusululu kangaki?
Humanisa 'c'est' ndawonye njenge sikhonzo sinye. Ilethi 'n' ekugcineni 'combien' ilala.
C'est trop cher
say troh SHAIR
Lokhu kutengeleka kakhulu
Cikatshela 'trop' esikhonzweni. Ilethi 'p' cishucu itsho, cishucu ilala.
Je peux payer?
zhuh puh pay-YAY
Ngingakwazi ukubhatali?
Ilethi 'x' ekugcineni 'peux' ilala. Amagama amabili 'peux payer' ahambisana ndawonye.
Gardez la monnaie
gar-DAY lah moh-NAY
Gcina isinani esincinane
Ilethi 'd' ku 'gardez' ihweba ne 'l' ku 'la' ukuze inakho isindlela esizile.
Okubuza Amanyelana Nendlela
Ukuzibuza kuyinxalenye yomdlalo. Lezi iziphrase zikusiza ukuthola indlela yakho phakathi kwezitali zesifrench.
Où est...?
oo ay
Kuphi...?
Ilethi 't' ku 'est' ilala amakhuba uma amagama elandelayo aquleka izikhonzo.
À gauche
ah GOHSH
Kwesobunxele
Ayitsho ilethi 'e' ekugcineni. Ilala.
À droite
ah DRWAT
Kwesokudla
Ilethi 'r' ku 'droite' iyasikhonzi. Ayiphindi itholose njenge Spanish.
C'est près d'ici?
say preh dee-SEE
Kuya kumjupha apha?
Ikhomba ku 'près' enza ilethi 'è' itsho njenge 'eh' ku 'bed'.
Ukuodera Ukudla Nokumnqoba
Isazini seCafé naseSifrench neliza libalulekile. Lezi iziphrase zikusiza ukuodera ngotshiselelo nokutokooza olwelo lendlela.
Un café, s'il vous plaît
uhn kah-FAY seel voo PLEH
Ikofu elilodwa, ngiyacela
Ilethi 'f' ku 'café' iyatsho. Ayisuke ikhomba likabhale liyacithela.
J'ai faim
zhay fehn
Ngilambile
Cikatshela. Lezi magama amabili ahambisana ndawonye njenge phrasing oyodwa elincane.
De l'eau, s'il vous plaît
duh LOH seel voo PLEH
Amanzi, ngiyacela
I-apostrophe ku 'l'eau' ikhombisa ilethi 'e' ilale. Khuluma 'loh' njenge sikhonzo sinye.
L'addition, s'il vous plaît
lah-dee-SYOHN seel voo PLEH
Ikhawunti, ngiyacela
Ilethi 'd' emibili iyetsho njenge 'd' oyodwa, hhayi amabini amahlangene.
Amathiphu
Ukubingelela: EsiFulentshini, izindlela zokubingelela ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwesikhathi nosuku. Ekuseni uthi 'Bonjour' (kusukela ekuseni kuze kube ntambama), ntambama uthi 'Bonsoir', kanti ebusuku uthi 'Bonne nuit' uma ulala kahle. Lokhu kwehlukile kusiZulu lapho sithi 'Sawubona' noma 'Sanibonani' nangasiphi isikhathi sosuku. Okunye okubalulekile ukuthi amaFulentshi asebenzisa 'Salut' kubangane noma emindeni, kodwa 'Bonjour' kuyisimiso esifanele emsebenzini noma nabantu abadala. Uma ungabingeleli ngaphambi kokukhuluma, lokho kuthathwa njengokungahloniphi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukubingelela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenhlonipho eFulentshi.
Imisindo: IsiFulentshi sinezinhlamvu eziningi ezingabikho esiZulwini, ikakhulukazi imisindo evela egcekeni noma emphinjeni. Isibonelo, u-'r' waseFulentshi ukhishwa egcekeni (uvular 'r'), kwehluke ku-'r' wesiZulu osithi 'ukurola'. Futhi izikhamiso ezifana no-'j' (okusho 'zh' njengakho 'je'), no-'u' (okusho u-'ü'), no-'eu' akukho esiZulwini. Imisindo yamaklinkersi eFulentshi iminengi kakhulu, inezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili, kanti isiZulu sinezinhlobo eziyisihlanu kuphela. Okunye okuyinselelo ukuthi amaFulentshi awasho zonke izinhlamvu egameni, ikakhulukazi iziphelo. Isibonelo, 'Paris' kushiwo 'Pari' (u-s uyawahlwa), futhi 'beaucoup' kushiwo 'boku'. Lokhu kudinga ukuzijwayeza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze uzwe umehluko.
Izinga Lenhlonipho: EsiFulentshini, kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokusebenzisa 'tu' (wena) no-'vous' (nina noma wena onhloniphekile). Lokhu akukho kanye kanye esiZulwini lapho sisebenzisa izibizo ezifanayo kubo bonke abantu, kodwa sinhlonipho ngezinye izindlela. Kufanele usebenzise 'vous' nabantu abadala, abaphathi emsebenzini, nabantu ongabazi kahle. Uma uhlangana nomuntu okokuqala, qala ngo-'vous' uze ulinde ukuthi bakucelele ukuthi usebenzise 'tu'. Ngisho nasebinzeni, abanye abantu abadala balindele 'vous'. Izinkulumo ezivamile ziyahlukahluka ngalezi zinga, isibonelo, 's'il vous plaît' (uyacelisa ngenhlonipho) no-'s'il te plaît' (uyacelisa kubangane). Ukuqonda lokhu kubalulekile ekukhulumeni iFulentshi ngendlela efanele futhi ehloniphekile ngoba ukusebenzisa iphutha lingabangela ukuzizwa ungahloniphi.
Isakhiwo Segama: Uhlelo lwamagama emishweni yaseFulentshi lwehlukile kakhulu kolwesiZulu. EsiFulentshini, isenzo sivame ukuza phakathi kwesibalo nebizo elisesigabeni somsebenzi (Sujet-Verbe-Objet), njengesiZulu. Kodwa okuhlukile kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu (adjectives) zivame ukulandela amabizo eFulentshi, kanti esiZulwini ziwandulela. Isibonelo, esiZulwini sithi 'indlu enkulu', kodwa esiFulentshini bathi 'maison grande' (indlu enkulu, kodwa ngemuva). Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifana no-'petit', 'grand', 'bon', 'mauvais', 'jeune', 'vieux' zandulela ibizo. Okunye ukuthi amaFulentshi ayisebenzisa imibandela (articles) njalo phambi kwebizo, njengokuthi 'le', 'la', 'les', 'un', 'une', okungekho esiZulwini. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kubonakale isinye sezinto ezinzima kakhulu ekufundeni isiFulentshi.
Izinkulumo Zemihla Yonke: AmaFulentshi anamabinzana avamile athile asekelwe enhloniphweni nasemikhubeni yabo. Uma ufuna into, awukho ukuthi 'ngifuna' ngqo, kodwa uthi 'Je voudrais' (bengingathanda) noma 'Pourrais-je avoir' (ngingakwazi ukuthola). Lokhu kukhombisa inhlonipho enkulu kunesiZulu lapho singathi nje 'ngicel' ukuze sibe nenhlonipho. Amagama afana no-'pardon', 'excusez-moi', 's'il vous plaît', no-'merci' ayasetshenziswa njalo nsuku zonke. Okunye okubalulekile ukuthi amaFulentshi athi 'Bon appétit' ngaphambi kokudla, okufana nokuthi 'akudliwe' esiZulwini. Futhi abashiya indawo noma bethatha ikhefu, bathi 'Je reviens' (ngiyabuya), okungafani nesiZulu lapho singahamba nje singasho lutho. Ukuqonda la mabinzana kusiza ekuxhumaneni kahle namaFulentshi empilweni yansuku zonke futhi kukhombisa ukuthi uyawazi amasiko abo.
Isikhala Sezulu Senzima Kangakanani Kubantu Abakhuluma IsiZulu?
Izulu ligqokiswa njengoLimi lweSigaba I ngu-US Foreign Service Institute, okusho ukuthi abantu abakhuluma isiZulu bavamile bedinga amahora angama-600-750 okufunda ukuze bafinyelele ekusebenzisaneni okukhulunyeni nolimi nangempilo. Lokho kuyagweba libe linye yezilimi ezilula kunazo zonke ukuthi abantu abakhuluma isiZulu zifunde. Uzobona izinkulumo ezizinkulungwane eziningi ngokushesha kakhulu ngoba izulu lezilimi eziningi ezifihlele ezivela kusiZulu ngangemuva kweNormalisation. Isikhala segrama sinobulukhuni okwedlulile kunesiZulu ngezindlela ezithile (izendlela zokusetshenziswa kweziverb, amagama anezinhlonipho) kodwa silula ngezenye (akunazo izilimi ezifana neGerman, izibhalo esizindwa kune-English). Izinzuzo enkulu yinkinga yokukhuluma (lezo zindlebe zomoya nokukhala kwentamo) kanye nokuthola isifundo esanele sokuhlonipha ukuqonda ulimi lwabuntu abakhuluma ngejwayelo. Ukuqala ngalezi zenzuzo eziyisisekelo zokusho kahle kuzakunika ungako lwengcwele ngokukhuluma ngempilo ezinzuri kancane nokuphela kwesifundo segrama kuphela.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini iziphrase zesifrench ezibaluleke kakhulu umukulungiseleli?
Iziphrase ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuqala izisigubhu (bonjour, bonsoir), izisikhonzo esomthwalo (s'il vous plaît, merci, excusez-moi), kanye nokuvikela iziphrase njenge 'je ne comprends pas' (ngisongeleli) kanye 'parlez plus lentement' (khuluma kancane kancane). Lokhu kusebenza cishucu noma kuphi nakunaphi okusitufi kanye nokubonisa inhlonipho isazini sesifrench, eyakho inzuzo umthwalo.
Uthi kusho nini kunti esisifrenchSimela?
Okuqala okujwayelekile kuFrance kubonjour (bohn-ZHOOR), kusebenza ngosuku kuze kufinele ukumkhulumlela osukwini. Ngemuva kokusira, shintsha kuya ekusho 'bonsoir' (bohn-SWAHR). Isazini sesifrench iye nasilinane leli phrasing cisisa okufikayo, elifting, kanye nemikhukhu emincane, ekwenza lokhu iziphrase yakho eseleziwa kakhulu.
Isifrench kunzima nini okhulumiselwa kubazikhonzi bomuntu websiNgisi?
Isikhonzo sesifrench sidinga okuthile okuthile kubazikhonzi bomuntu websiNgisi, kanye nazikhonzo zenasal ovela nakuba akukhona kusiNgisi, ikhonzo lezithonjane 'r', kanye namagwaguza elala yonke indawo. Nangakho-ke, isikhonzo sesifrench siyajwayelekile kanye nomthetho owenziwe umuntu uma ufunda imiqondiso, ekwenza okumokuthanda kunesikhonzo siNgisi. Ngesikhathi esisodwa esiyeka kasikwali, abantu bayalingana balungele isikhonzo niqela ngenhla uthulukezi.
Kuya ngamaora amangaki ukufunda iziphrase zesifrench eziyintloko?
Ungafunda iziphrase ezingu 20-30 eziyintloko zesifrench ngosuku okulodwa noma okubili kokufunda okugxilwe. Ukusebenza ngazo ngokwanele ezingxoxweni kuyadinga amaviki amabili noma amane okuzijwayeza nokuzikhonza. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthenga engumlando, ayindoda eyo kuphela ezinkulumweni. Ukuthatha inzuzo yenziwa omusebenzini noma nokuhlanganya nezindlu zezizingxoxo kususeza ukufa okufushane kunesikhonzi olunye.
Ingaba abantu basifrench babusisela nini abazingela abazama isifrench?
Yebo, abantu basifrench begqugqela uma abazingela bazame isifrench, ngisho uma cishucu iziphrase zesisekelo njenge bonjour, s'il vous plaît, kanye merci. Ukuqalisa izingxoxo kufrench (ngisho uma ushintsha kuya English ngemuva) kubonisa inhlonipho esazini kanye nabantu nabahlo zikuze zibe umunandi. Umkhosi weParisians oziphakamisile iziqalo zikuvela kubazikhonzi abangazi lokhu okwethulo okudlula kuqala.