Kalmomi da Cin Koreya: Kalmomin Jargoji da Resitora Kalmomi
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Koyi kalmomi da cin kalmomi jargon a Koreya yana bugi koya zuwa ɗaya daga cikin masauran abubuwan kina cin abinci a duniya. Ko da kace kana bugi bibimbap a cikin resitoran da yawa a Seoul ko kace kana nema kimchi mai yawa a gida kaɗai, waɗannan jargon na mahimma zasu taimake ka karanta menu, bayar da labari game da abubuwan abinci da ka bugi, da rashin laushi gaida kina cin abinci. Kultura na kina abinci a Koreya tana jigida abubuwan hade-hade da kirga jari, kuma kokarin kaɗai yin magana da harshen Koreya zai taba ka mumumunan gida da kyakkyawan aikin jiya. Daga kasuwa kasuwa na resitora kaɗai zuwa manyan gida na bukatar, waɗannan jargon suna sakowa duka abubuwan da kake bukatarsa don cin abinci da hadewa da jama'a ta hanyar cin abinci wadatacce.
Shiga a cikin resitoran na Koreya na iya zama mai nutsu da farko, amma waɗannan jargon na mahimma zasu taimake ka zauna da azaman.
두 명이요
du myeong-iyo
Two people, please
The 'du' sounds like 'do' but with rounded lips. The 'yo' at the end is a polite marker you'll hear constantly in Korean.
메뉴판 주세요
menyupan juseyo
Menu, please
Emphasize the first syllable of each word. The 'ju' rhymes with 'coo' in 'cool'.
예약했어요
yeyakhaesseoyo
I have a reservation
The double 'ss' creates a tense sound. The 'haesseoyo' ending indicates past tense.
추천해 주세요
chucheonhae juseyo
Please recommend something
The 'ch' is softer than in English 'chair'. Blend 'cheonhae' smoothly together.
Bugi abinci da abin sha
Lokaci da kake zaune kuma ka shirya bugi, waɗannan jargon zasu taimake ka bayar da labari game da abubuwan da kake nema a hankali da azaman.
물 주세요
mul juseyo
Water, please
'Mul' is a single syllable that sounds like 'mool' in 'pool'.
커피 한 잔 주세요
keopi han jan juseyo
One cup of coffee, please
'Keopi' is borrowed from English but pronounced with Korean sounds. The 'jan' rhymes with 'on'.
이거 주세요
igeo juseyo
This one, please
'Igeo' means 'this thing'. Keep it casual and natural.
배고파요
baegopaayo
I'm hungry
The 'bae' sounds like 'bay' in English. Draw out the 'o' slightly in 'gopa'.
맵지 않게 해 주세요
maepji anke hae juseyo
Not spicy, please
'Maepji' combines 'spicy' with a negation particle. The 'anke' means 'not' or 'without'.
Bukatun kalmomi da Koreya
Bayar da labari game da abubuwan da kake bukaƙa ko rashin kina ci shi ne mahimma don yin aiki da jin daɗi. Waɗannan jargon suna taimake ka tabbatar da abubuwan abinci da kake bukaƙa.
고기 안 먹어요
gogi an meogeoyo
I don't eat meat
The 'an' is a clear negation. 'Meogeoyo' is the polite present tense of 'to eat'.
채식주의자예요
chaesikjuuijayeyo
I'm a vegetarian
This is a longer word. Break it into chunks: 'chae-sik' (vegetables) + 'ju-ui-ja' (believer/practitioner).
알레르기 있어요
allereugi isseoyo
I have an allergy
'Allereugi' is borrowed from English 'allergy'. The 'isseoyo' means 'to have' or 'to exist'.
Lokaci da kake cin abinci
Waɗannan jargon suna taimake ka yin aiki da abubuwan da suka faru yayin cin abinci, daga neman karin abinci zuwa yabawa kiwo.
더 주세요
deo juseyo
More, please
'Deo' means 'more' and is pronounced like 'duh' with a slight 'oh' sound.
반찬 더 주세요
banchan deo juseyo
More side dishes, please
'Banchan' is two syllables with equal stress. The 'ch' is soft.
맛있어요
masisseoyo
It's delicious
The 'si' part has a slight 'sh' sound. The double 'ss' makes it tense.
포장 가능해요?
pojang ganeunghaeyo
Can I get this to go?
'Pojang' means 'packaging' or 'wrapping'. 'Ganeunghaeyo' means 'is it possible?'
Biyan kuɗi
Lokaci da kake shirya tashi, waɗannan jargon zasu taimake ka bugawa tsauri. Lura cewa a Koreya, kasua ana kasua a resitora a jiya ne, ba a tebur naka ba.
계산서 주세요
gyesanseo juseyo
Bill, please
The 'gye' starts with a soft 'g' sound that's almost like 'k'. 'Sanseo' flows together smoothly.
카드 돼요?
kadeu dwaeyo
Do you take cards?
'Kadeu' is borrowed from 'card'. The 'dwaeyo' means 'does it work?' or 'is it okay?'
영수증 주세요
yeongsujeung juseyo
Receipt, please
'Yeongsujeung' has three syllables. The 'jeung' ends with a nasal 'ng' sound.
잘 먹었습니다
jal meogeotseumnida
Thank you for the meal
This is formal and slightly longer. The 'seumnida' ending is very polite. Practice this one as it's culturally important.
Abubuwan abinci da aka saba a Koreya
Sanin kalmomin abinci na asali yana taimake ka fahimci menu da bukatar neman abubuwan abinci. Ga mahimman abubuwan da ka ga sau da sau.
밥
bap
Rice
A short, crisp single syllable. The final 'p' is barely released.
김치
gimchi
Kimchi
The 'g' is soft, almost like a 'k'. Many foreigners say 'kimchi' but 'gimchi' is more accurate.
고기
gogi
Meat
Two equal syllables. Keep both 'o's consistent in length.
Tips
Ƙididdiga cikin oda abinci: Harshen Koriya yana amfani da ƙididdiga na musamman wajen yin oda abinci da abin sha, wanda Hausa ba ta da shi. Ba za ku iya cewa 'kofi biyu' ba kamar Hausa. Kuna buƙatar 커피 두 잔 (keopi du jan), inda 잔 shine ƙididdigar kofuna. Don abinci, ana amfani da 인분 (inbun) wanda ke nufin 'rabo', kamar 비빔밥 두 인분 (bibimbap biyu). Kwalabe suna amfani da 병 (byeong), yayin da gunduma suna amfani da 개 (gae). Waɗannan ƙididdiga wajibi ne a Koriya.
Matsayin girmamawa a gidan abinci: Harshen Koriya yana canza ƙarshen kalmomi don nuna girmamawa, sabanin Hausa wadda ke amfani da kalmomi kamar 'don Allah' kawai. Ƙarshen 요 (yo) muhimmi ne yayin yin oda ko magana da ma'aikatan gidan abinci, kamar 물 주세요 (ruwa don Allah). Yayin cin abinci da manya ko shugabanni, za ku ji 습니다 (seumnida) wanda yake fi tsanani. Girmamawa tana cikin tsarin fi'ili kansa, ba wata kalma kaɗai ba. Kalmar 잘 먹었습니다 bayan abinci ba ta da kwatanci a Hausa amma tana da muhimmanci.
Sautunan bakakke masu ɗaurinkai: Koriya tana da nau'ikan bakakke uku (na yau da kullun, mai iska, da mai ƙarfi) inda Hausa tana da biyu kawai. Wannan yana shafi kalmomin abinci. Harafin 'p' a cikin 밥 (bap, shinkafa) ya bambanta da 'pp' a 빵 (ppang, burodi). Harafin da aka rubanya biyu ana furta shi da ƙarfi ba tare da fitar da iska ba. Masu jin Hausa sukan furta su daya, wannan na iya haifar da ruɗewa. Haka kuma, 김치 (gimchi) yana da 'k' mai ƙarfi wanda ya fi 'k' na Hausa.
Cire shugaba: Harshen Koriya tana yawan cire shugaban jumla wanda Hausa take buƙata, wannan yana sauƙaƙa harshe a gidan abinci. A Hausa dole ku ce 'Ina son ruwa' da shugaban 'Ina', amma a Koriya kawai ku ce 물 주세요 (mul juseyo) ba tare da ambaton kanku ba. Ana fahimtar shugaba daga mahallin. Haka kuma, 맛있어요 (masisseoyo) yana nufin 'yana da ɗaɗi' ba tare da ƙayyade 'shi' ba. Yayin yin oda, da wuya kuna buƙatar cewa 저는 (jeoneun, 'Ni'). Kawai ku faɗi abincin da ƙari 주세요.
Alamar jigo da shugaba: Koriya tana bambanta tsakanin alamar jigo (는/은) da alamar shugaba (이/가) wanda Hausa ba ta da shi. A gidan abinci, wannan yana bayyana yayin tattaunawa game da zaɓin abinci. 저는 고기 안 먹어요 (jeoneun gogi an meogeoyo, 'Ni kam, ba na cin nama') yana amfani da alamar jigo. Hausa tana amfani da 'Ni' kawai don komai, amma Koriya tana raba 'Ni a matsayin jigon tattaunawa' daga 'Ni a matsayin mai aikin'. Don masu farawa, amfani da 는/은 bayan shugaba yana aiki sosai.
Menene hadarin koyi Koreya don lokaci na cin abinci?
Don jama'ar da suke magana da Turanci, harsunan resitoran Koreya yana da matsakaitacciya hadari amma yana da albarka mai yawa. Kyakkyawan labari shine cewa kalmomin abinci yana da abinci na gida da maimaitawa, don haka za ka fashe kalmomin da aka saba ta hanyar aiki na gaskiya. Manyan kasua ita ce tsarin gibi na mutane da aka gida (amfani da kyakkyawan kalingin magana), sautin da ba a san su kamar hafsari maɓuɓɓuga, da zaɓuka na bugi. Duk da haka, tsarin jiya na Koreya don roƙon abubuwan abinci yana da sauki fiye da Turanci lokaci da kana ka malami alaka: kawai faɗa abubuwan abinci da 주세요 (juseyo). Ba kamar wasu harsunan ba, resitoran na Koreya yana da hakuri na yadda sake magana da harshen Koreya, kuma gida da yawa a kasuwan bukatan suna da hoton menu. Tsarin rubutu na Hangeul yana da daidaito da koyi a kaɗan sa'a, wanda ya taimake a karanta menu. Fara da mahimman jargon na bugi abubuwan abinci kuma za ka ji azaman cin abinci tare da azaman da gida a cikin makonni kaɗai na aiki.
Frequently asked questions
Menene hanya da ake faɗa in ba cin naman a Koreya?
Faɗa 채식주의자예요 (chaesikjuuijayeyo) yana nufin 'ni shi mai sa'a cin ubandaren abinci', ko 고기 안 먹어요 (gogi an meogeoyo) don 'ba ni cin naman ba'. Lura cewa abubuwan abinci na Koreya sau da sau suna da naman ko isshi-amfani na ruwa, don za ka bukaƙa a takaice game da abubuwan amfani. Gida na haikali (사찰 음식) suna ta kyau sosai don ubandaren abinci na Koreya.
Ina ba da ragua a resitoran a Koreya?
A'a, ragua ba shi kasua a Koreya kuma kaɗan na iya samuwa hanayi. Kuɗi na aikin yana kasua a fakiti a resitoran masu ƙarfi sau da sau. Kawai biya adadin da aka gida kuma faɗa 잘 먹었습니다 (jal meogeotseumnida, 'na ci abinci sosai') kamalin kaka tashi. Bambancin kultura nan yana sa cin abinci mai sauƙi kamalin ya san cewa ba ba bayarwa ragua ba.
Menene hanya da ake karanta dan jiya a Koreya?
Faɗa 저기요 (jeogiyo), wanda yana nufin 'gadanan kasuwa ka' ko 'a nan ke'. Gida da yawa sau da sau yana da butun koyo a teburi wanda za ka danna don kawo ma'aikatan resitoran. Kar ka faɗa 'dan jiya' ko 'dan jiya' tsiya. 저기요 yana azaman kuma amfani don samuwa kowa a aikin jiya, ba resitoran ne kawai.
Menene nufin 맛있어요 a harsunen Koreya?
맛있어요 (masisseoyo) yana nufin 'yana da dandano' ko 'yana cin abinci sosai'. Wannan shi ne ɗaya daga cikin jargon mafi amfani don kiyo ta kaiyaye abubuwan abinci. Kaɓo ita ce 맛없어요 (madeopseoyo) yana nufin 'ba shi yana da dandano ba', ko da haka kaɗan za ka amfani wannan tsiya ga ma'aikatan resitoran. Kaɗan ka ji ma'aikatan resitoran suna faɗa 맛있게 드세요 (masitge deuseyo) daga gida, yana nufin 'jin daɗi abinci'.
Ina iya raraba fakiti a resitoran na Koreya?
Ko da haka raraba fakiti yana yin gida musamman kaɗan na Koreya, musammu jama'ar da suka kaɗan da kuki. Jama'a gida sau da sau yana biyan jama'a gida, tare da tunanin cewa wasu zasu biyan jiya. Idan kake so raraba, bukaƙa 따로 계산할 수 있어요? (ttaro gyesanhal su isseoyo?, 'ina iya bayarwa tsiya?'). Gida da kaɗan na iya yi haka, yayin da wasu suke so bayarwa gida.