Ukufunda izincazelo zesikhulumi seKhoriya mayelana nokudla nezipili kuvula umnyango womuntu wokulambela enye yamakhancha akamanzi empilo. Nxa uorder bibimbap erestholong ethwele ilanga laseSoul noma kucelele ukunweza ikhimchi ehindenini ehlangenwe ngumphakathi, lezi zincazelo ziyakusiza ukuthi uluze imenyu, ukhulume ngezidingo zakho nokudla, futhi ujabulele kahle okudla. Abantu baseKhoriya bahlobene nokulandelana nesikweletu lapho kuyadla, nazo ziyakwamukela nokubilingela ukuphilela ukucela isikhulumi. Kusukela kumakhambeni okudla entangeni kuya ezindaweni zokudla ezinkulu, lezi zincazelo zibonisa yonke into oyidingayo ukudla kahle kanti futhi unosikweletu nomuntu ohloniphekile.
Ukungena erestholong eKhoriya kungase kubonakale kunompumelelo ekuqaleni, kodwa lezi zincazelo eziyisisekelo zizakusiza ukuthi uhlale phandle kanti uqale ngokuziwa.
두 명이요
du myeong-iyo
Abantu ababili, ngiyacela
Igama 'du' litsho njengo-'do' kodwa ngomilomo ewiswe. Igama 'yo' ekugcineni yisibili yabamatu oyiwayo njalo isikhulumi seKhoriya.
메뉴판 주세요
menyupan juseyo
Imenyu, ngiyacela
Kuyabalulekile ukubheka iziliba zendibandinamba. Igama 'ju' liguqulelela 'coo' ku-'cool'.
예약했어요
yeyakhaesseoyo
Ngiyarekhodwa
Igama elitshengisekile 'ss' likwenza isikali esisiqalile. Ukuphela 'haesseoyo' kubonisa isikhathi esidlule.
추천해 주세요
chucheonhae juseyo
Ngiyacela ucele isithako esingikhombisela
Igama 'ch' liyasibatheka ngaphandle kwe-English 'chair'. Diza u-'cheonhae' kahle.
Lapho usuhlalele futhi ulungele ukodalela, lezi zincazelo zizakusiza ukuthi utshele kahle okufunayo.
물 주세요
mul juseyo
Amanzi, ngiyacela
'Mul' iyinkulumo elilodwa ehlobene emondweni 'mool' ku-'pool'.
커피 한 잔 주세요
keopi han jan juseyo
Ikofi elilodwa, ngiyacela
'Keopi' iyelwe ku-English kodwa itshonwe ngesikali seKhoriya. Igama 'jan' liguqulelela 'on'.
이거 주세요
igeo juseyo
Lolo, ngiyacela
'Igeo' kusho 'leli nto'. Idumele ngokwemvelo.
배고파요
baegopaayo
Nginenalambuluko
Igama 'bae' litsho njengo-'bay' esikhulumweni seEnglish. Diza isiqalo ku-'gopa'.
맵지 않게 해 주세요
maepji anke hae juseyo
Ingabuswa, ngiyacela
'Maepji' ihambelana 'usulwa' noma 'bufakoze' owubuweni. Igama 'anke' kusho 'ayikho' noma 'ngaphandle'.
Ukukhuluma ngalokho okungakudingi noma okungakuthandeki kulungele ikhona. Lezi zincazelo zikusiza ukuthi uluze izidingo zakho.
고기 안 먹어요
gogi an meogeoyo
Ngidli inyama
Igama 'an' iyindlela elungile yokusho 'akukho'. 'Meogeoyo' isikhathi samanje sokuhlobene nokudla.
채식주의자예요
chaesikjuuijayeyo
Ngidli nje isivuno
Igama lide. Wehlukanise ezingxenyeni: 'chae-sik' (isivuno) nobwali 'ju-ui-ja' (umuntu othemba).
알레르기 있어요
allereugi isseoyo
Nginakho isidlangalelo
'Allereugi' iyelwe ku-English 'allergy'. Igama 'isseoyo' kusho 'nakhona' noma 'kukhona'.
Lezi zincazelo zikusiza ukuthi ukhokhele izimo ezivela ngesikhathi sokudla, kusukela ekuceleni engeziwe kuya ekukhombisa intando yokudla.
더 주세요
deo juseyo
Engeziwe, ngiyacela
'Deo' kusho 'okwengeziwe' futhi itshonwe njengo-'duh' ngesikali esincancane se-'oh'.
반찬 더 주세요
banchan deo juseyo
Imipapiso engeziwe, ngiyacela
'Banchan' iyiziliba ezimbili nomelomelwane. Igama 'ch' lilubhakela.
맛있어요
masisseoyo
Kulambile kahle
Igama 'si' linahasha 'sh'. Igama elitshengisekile 'ss' likwenza isikali esisiqalile.
포장 가능해요?
pojang ganeunghaeyo
Ngingathola leli kungenisa?
'Pojang' kusho 'ukuhlanganisa' noma 'ukuvala'. 'Ganeunghaeyo' kusho 'ingekho?'
Lapho ulungele ukushosha, lezi zincazelo zizakusiza ukuthi ulungele kahle. Yazi ukuthi eKhoriya, ivamile ukubhale emakhasini esikhundleni se-tafula.
계산서 주세요
gyesanseo juseyo
Ibhalansi, ngiyacela
Igama 'gye' iqala nge-'g' elinobuthakela okubonakala kufana ne-'k'. 'Sanseo' iyehlukanisa ngokuthandeka.
카드 돼요?
kadeu dwaeyo
Liyamukela amakhalidi?
'Kadeu' iyelwe ku-'card'. Igama 'dwaeyo' kusho 'ingekho yani?' noma 'ingekho kulungile?'
영수증 주세요
yeongsujeung juseyo
Isiqalo sezonke, ngiyacela
'Yeongsujeung' lineziliba ezithathu. Igama 'jeung' ikhombisa ngokungeneza 'ng' ikhuni.
잘 먹었습니다
jal meogeotseumnida
Ngasebenzisa kahle
Lolu uhlobo lomqondo owenziwe kahle futhi olinganiselwe futhi. Ukuphela 'seumnida' kunobuhlobo obubheka. Zelani leli sincazelo ngokthi libalulekile kuthembeni.
Ukuzama amagama okudla ayisisekelo kuyakusiza ukuthi uqonde imenyu futhi ucele okuthile. Nansi okudla okuyisisekelo ozizakubheka njalo.
밥
bap
Umvu
Igama elinodwa, elinyanzisisiwe. Ukelukhuni lokugcinela 'p' awuphakamisi kakhulu.
김치
gimchi
I-Kimchi
Igama 'g' lilubhakela, okubonakala kufana 'k'. Abantu abaningi besho 'kimchi' kodwa 'gimchi' yindlela ekhombisela kahle.
고기
gogi
Inyama
Iziliba ezimbili enomelomelwane. Cumula zombi 'o' ngobukhulu obufanayo.
Amathiphu
Ukulanda ukudla: Uma ufunda isiKorean, kufanele wazi ukuthi indlela yokulanda ukudla esitolo sokudla ihlukile kakhulu kunesiZulu. EsiKorean, kumele usebenzise amagama athile okubonisa inhlonipho njengoba ukhuluma nomphathi noma umsebenzi. Isibonelo, igama elithi '주세요' (juseyo) lisho 'nginika' noma 'ngicela' ngendlela enhloniphekile. Futhi kumele wazi ukuthi abaKorea bayahlukana phakathi kokuthi ukhuluma nobani. Uma ukhuluma nomuntu omdala noma umsebenzi wesitolo, kumele usebenzise ulimi lwezenhlonipho. Lokhu kuyefana nesiZulu lapho sikhuluma ngokwehlukile nabadala, kodwa esiKorean kunezingxenye eziningi zamagama eziguquka.
Amaphimbo antofontofo: IsiKorean sinezinhlobo ezintathu zamaphimbo okugcina ezibizwa ngokuthi 'aspirated', 'tensed' kanye 'ne-plain consonants'. Lokhu kuyinkinga kubakhulumi besiZulu ngoba esiZulu asinalo lolu hlobo lokuhlukanisa. Isibonelo, amagama amathathu esiKorean athi ㄱ (g/k), ㅋ (k) kanye no-ㄲ (kk) onke azwakala njengokufana kodwa ahluke kakhulu. UmZulu kufanele afunde ukuzwa nokusho lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ngoba lezi zinguquko zingashintsha incazelo yegama ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, igama elithi '말' (mal) lisho 'igama' kepha '딸' (ttal) lisho 'indodakazi'. Lezi zimpawu zezinhlobo zamaphimbo azikho esiZulu ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuzijwayeza kakhulu ngokuphindaphinda ukuzwa nokusho.
Ukufunda amamenyu: Amamenyu asemahhotela aseKorea asuke abhalwe ngesiKorean kuphela futhi asebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokubhala: Hangul kanye nama-Hanja (izinhlobo ezisuselwa esiShayina). Okubalulekile ukuthi umZulu afunde amagama ayisisekelo okudla kanye nendlela yokuwahlanganisa. IsiKorean sisebenzisa amagama ahlukile okuchaza ukudla okushisayo (맵다 maepda), okumnandi (달다 dalda), nokubabayo (쓰다 sseuda). Kufanele futhi wazi amagama okuchaza izingxenye zokudla, isibonelo '한 그릇' (han geureut) okusho 'isitsha esisodwa', noma '한 접시' (han jeopsi) okusho 'ipuleti elilodwa'. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba uma ulayisha ukudla, kudingeka ukuthi ucacise kangakanani ofuna kakhona. Ungakwazi futhi ukubuza ngezithako ezithile ngamagama afana no-'빼고' (ppaego) okusho 'ngaphandle kwa-'.
Ukwakheka kwemisho: IsiKorean nesisiZulu zinamastructures ahlukile kakhulu emishweni. EsiZulu, siyalandela inqubo ethi Subject-Verb-Object (isibonelo: 'Ngidla isinkwa'), kepha isiKorean silandela Subject-Object-Verb lapho isenzo siba sekugcineni komugqa. Isibonelo, esiKorean uthi '나는 빵을 먹어요' (Naneun ppangeul meogeoyo) okusho ngokucacile 'Mina isinkwa ngidla'. Lokhu kungase kuphazamise umZulu ngoba kufanele acabange ngendlela ehlukile lapho akha imisho. Futhi isiKorean sisebenzisa izimpawu ezibizwa ngokuthi 'particles' ezifana no-'은/는' (eun/neun), '을/를' (eul/reul) kanye no-'이/가' (i/ga) ezikhombisa umsebenzi wegama emshweni. EsiZulu asisho kanje, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinto entsha okufanele uyifunde.
Amagama afanayo kodwa ahlukile: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanye amagama esiKorean angase ezwakale efana namagama esiZulu kodwa asho izinto ezingafani nhlobo. Isibonelo, igama lesiKorean elithi '아파' (apa) lisho 'ngiyagula' noma 'kubuhlungu', kepha umZulu angase acabange ukuthi lihlobene negama lesiZulu elithi 'apa' okusho 'lapha'. Futhi igama elithi '네' (ne) esiKorean lisho 'yebo', kodwa umZulu angase alicabange njengoba kunesho esifanayo esiZulwini. Kufanele ujwayele ukuthi lawa amagama awanakho ukuxhumana ngoba isiKorean nesisiZulu zivela emideni ehlukile kakhulu yamalimi, futhi azikho izibalo ezikhombisa ukuthi zinabudlelwano. Ukuqonda lokhu kuzokuvikela ekuphazamisekeni nasekuthatheni izinqumo ezingalungile ngokuhumusha.
Izinga Likuphi Lokufunda IsiKoreyi Kusitudiwe Sokudla?
KubasiZulu abasifundisayo, ulimi lwerestorandi yesiKoreyi lunenzinga eliphakathi kodwa linika umvuzo omkhulu. Izindaba ezinhle: igama lokudla liyeyisichasela kanye nokuphindeka, ngakho-ke uzokukhawula izifrazela ezivamile ngokushesha ngokuzisebenzisa ngokoqobo. Izinsizwa ezinkulu yilezi: i-system ye-honorific (usebenzisa ukunazwa okuhle kwe-verb), amagamsi angakaziwa ngokufana ne-tense consonants, kanye namagamsi okubalwa ngeokuodela. Kodwa, isakhiwo sesiKoreyi sesicelo kunalede siyalula kunesiNgisi uma sifunde imihlangano: vele sho into kanye 주세요 (juseyo). Njengafakhi ezinye izilimi, izindawo zokudla zesiKoreyi ziyasethulelana lapho abasebenzi bananakela umzamo wokusho isiKoreyi, futhi izindawo eziningi ezizonweni zineleminyu emidwebo. Uhlelo lwesiZobane lwe-Hangeul luyengcondile futhi lungafundwa ehoreni elilodwa noma okubili, okusiza ekufundeni iminyu. Qala ngezifrazela eziyisisekelo zokuodela futhi uzodla ngemilayelo ngaphakathi kwamaviki ambalwa ekuzifundiseni.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ngizisho kangakanani umuntu obadli inyama?
Sho 채식주의자예요 (chaesikjuuijayeyo) kusho 'ngidli nje isivuno', noma 고기 안 먹어요 (gogi an meogeoyo) kusho 'ngidli inyama'. Kuba nolwazi ubukuthi okudla kuningi baseKhoriya kuquka inyama noma umkhumbi weso, ngakho ungase udinge ukulibuza ngokuqondene nokudla. Amaresto emithembu (사찰 음식) ayahle kakhulu ngokudla okusivunu ngeZulu.
Ngizobhadala uma ngodla erestholong?
Hayibo, ukubhadala ayivamile eKhoriya futhi kunganqoba khona umuntu. Izinzuzo zokusebenza zivele zibandakanywe ebhalansi yakho erestholong ekudumele. Ngubani ngenhloso ibhalansi futhi sho 잘 먹었습니다 (jal meogeotseumnida, 'ngidlile kahle') lapho ushasho. Lokhu kusiko lokungafani kumagama okudla asincibi uma ubazi.
Ungabizani umuntu oniekezela erestholong?
Sho 저기요 (jeogiyo), kusho 'ngiyaxolisela' noma 'nansi'. Amaresto amaningi anezinkinobho zokubizelana abasebenzi etateni. Ungafaka 'umuntu oniekezela' noma 'nomuntu oniekezela' ngesikhulumi seKhoriya. 저기요 yisikhundi futhi ingaguquguquki lapho ubiza okuthile okukhombisa endinzweni nokusebenza, ayiseleshe erestholong.
Okuqondaniswe kuhle 맛있어요 eKhoriya?
맛있어요 (masisseoyo) kusho 'kulothe kahle' noma 'ingcosile'. Lesi sincazelo sinyengezele okudla. Okulungisanayo yisigwegwe 맛없어요 (madeopseoyo) kusho 'ayingcosili', kodwa ayuzube usicela ngalesi sincazelo kumuntu oniekezela. Ungase uzwe 맛있게 드세요 (masitge deuseyo) kusho 'njabulele okudla'.
Ningakwazi ukuhlukanisa ubhalansi erestholong?
Abantu abaningi baseKhoriya abadlela indlela yokuhlukula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezintlumenemhlobo, kodwa ayivamile njengakuseni kwesomaliziwe. Umuntu omdlela vamile uthandele iqembu, nge-umfshini owokuzilinganiselela. Uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa, buza 따로 계산할 수 있어요? (ttaro gyesanhal su isseoyo?, 'singabali abahlukanisiwe?'). Amaresto amangiyi agcine lela, kodwa amanyi ayakuhlupeka emkhulusini.