Uyafuna ukuodela ngokuzisindisa erestorante zesiJapan futhi ujabulele amabali okukodla okusha? Isiqalo sako sifundisa izithakazelo zesiJapan zokudla nokudla ezozosebenzisa kahle, kusukela ekucela amanzi kuze kufike ekukupha intengo. Noma ngabe ulungiselela ukulula eJapan noma ukufunda erestorante zesiJapan eduze, lezi zithakazelo zizokusiza ukuba umenwe amanyuwa, ucele ngendlela elungile, futhi unxulunyane nesiko ngokudla kwabo okuhle kakhulu.
Okuqukethwe
Ukuveza Indlala Nemicelimpilo Eyisisekelo
Qala ngazo lezi zithakazelo eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana ngezidingo zakho eziyisisekelo. Lezi zisho elula zizokukuhambela kunoma yisiphi isimo sokudla.
お腹が空きました
Onaka ga sukimashita
Ndilambile
Okushilo-ntshintshi okusebenzayo kwezilimi ziKuZulu: u-'u' ochungchuthile 'sukimashita' amaningi acacisiwe, njengengakathi 'skee-mah-shee-tah'.
喉が渇きました
Nodo ga kawakimashita
Nompilo
Isigaba ngasinye sithatha amandla alinganayo. Ungazubeke kakhulu 'kawaki'.
お水をください
Omizu o kudasai
Amanzi nginiyacelele
I-'i' ekugcineni ku-'kudasai' izwakala njengo-'eye'. Gcina 'mizu' elediphakile kumandla okulinganayo kusigaba ngasinye.
食べたいです
Tabetai desu
Njalo nokudla
'Tai' izwakala njengo-'tie'. U-'u' ekugcineni ku-'desu' ushoshwa noma kunesilinganiso sokuculula.
Ukuodela Iziphuzo Nokudla Okuvamile
Lezi zithakazelo zikusiza ukuodela izinto zodla ozoyithola erestorante namakafe amaningi eJapan.
コーヒーをお願いします
Kōhii o onegaishimasu
Ngingakubo ikhofi?
Nwebula okuqalene kwe-'o' esandleni ku-'kōhii'. U-'u' ekugcineni ku-'onegaishimasu' kasikho kahle.
お茶はありますか
Ocha wa arimasu ka
Ninanye kona ithiye?
U-'u' ku-'arimasu' akacindezeleki. Sho njengangakathi 'ah-ree-mahs'.
パンはありますか
Pan wa arimasu ka
Ninanye kona ibhuledi?
'Pan' iyalingana no-'ahn' kaholela 'can'. Igcina eliqalekile futhi elidiphakile.
ご飯とパン、どちらがいいですか
Gohan to pan, dochira ga ii desu ka
Okangaki isinkwa noma ibhuledi?
I-'r' ku-'dochira' ithambile, njengesikhwelwe esisheshayo noma 'l' elula.
Ukuxoxela Okukhanyo Lokudla
Ngabe unomkhatsane ongabilisa noma unamamolwane avezwe kanzolo, lezi zithakazelo zikusiza ukuxhumana okukhanyo.
肉は食べません
Niku wa tabemasen
Angidli inyama
Okushilo-kubi 'masen' ekugcineni kusobala futhi okunkcinsezako. Ungazikatholi ama-'n' azilahle.
魚は好きです
Sakana wa suki desu
Ngiyakonda isambaza
U-'u' ku-'suki' uphakama kakhulu, njengengakathi 'skee'.
朝ご飯に卵を料理します
Asagohan ni tamago o ryōri shimasu
Ngipheka amakhanda ekuseni
Nwebula okuqalene kwe-'o' esandleni ku-'ryōri'. U-'u' ku-'shimasu' ushoshwa.
新鮮な果物と野菜
Shinsen na kudamono to yasai
Izithelo ezimusha nemibhida
Ama-'n' ezwakala ku-'shinsen' athi ngasengezikhali. 'Yasai' iqedela ngomshizo ofana no-'sigh'.
Erestorante: Ukuthola Umhlangano Nokuodela
Bheka isambazi somkhulumo erestorante kusukela ngesikhathi owungena khona. Lezi zithakazelo zizokusiza ukuthola itafula nokuthi uqumuthe ngokumangalisa.
予約しています
Yoyaku shite imasu
Sinesinqumo sesikhuluso
Ama-'u' izwakala kancane kancane. Sho ngakubukhali njengengakathi 'yoh-yah-k'shee-teh ee-mahs'.
二人でお願いします
Futari de onegaishimasu
Itafula labuntu ababili nginiyacelele
Gcina isigaba ngasinye ku-'futari' esibonakale futhi lilinganayo.
メニューを見せていただけますか
Menyū o misete itadakemasu ka
Ngingabheka imenu?
I-'ū' ku-'menyū' ilingiselwe kancane okwensezi kunokwesokukhipha esisodwa.
注文をお願いします
Chūmon o onegaishimasu
Njalo ngomodela
I-'ū' ku-'chūmon' ilingiselwe kancane okwensezi. I-'n' izwakala ngasengezikhali.
おすすめは何ですか
Osusume wa nan desu ka
Lungisa imiphumela yami?
Onke ama-'a' ku-'osusume' okulingana. 'Nan' kufuphi futhi okwenyamala.
Ngesikhathi Sililo: Izithakazelo Zibalulekile esiJapan Serestorante
Lapho ukudla kwakho kufike, lezi zisho zikusiza ukuxhumana ngendlela yendabuko futhi ukhombise inhlonipho.
いただきます
Itadakimasu
Asidlele (ngendlela: Ngiyakwemukela ngokungenelelo)
U-'u' ekugcineni akacindezeleki. Beka ngokushesha futhi futhi: 'ee-tah-dah-kee-mahs'.
美味しいです
Oishii desu
Lelikudla lihle
Isigaba sokuqala 'oi' yezwakala ezimbili ezihlukile: 'oh-ee', kaholela 'oy'.
もっとお願いします
Motto onegaishimasu
Ngingakubo okwengeziwe?
Okushilo-'t' ku-'motto' kwenza imuva elula. Sho 'mot-to', kaholela 'moh-toh'.
ごちそうさまでした
Gochisōsama deshita
Ngiyabonga ililo
I-'ō' ku-'sō' ilingiselwe kancane okwensezi. I-'ta' ekugcineni ithambile.
Ukukupha Intengo Yesililo
Ngesikhathi okufika ekukhokheleni, lezi zithakazelo zizokusiza ukugubela kahle. Qaphela ukuthi ukubika akusebenziswa eJapan.
お会計をお願いします
Okaikei o onegaishimasu
Intengo nginiyacelele
Hlukanisa 'okaikei' into ezigaba ezicacile: oh-kai-keh. Ungazizishalela ndawonye.
デザートは結構です
Dezāto wa kekkō desu
Azikho okwekezelthuza, ngiyabonga
I-'ā' ku-'dezāto' kuncane okwensezi. Okushayi-'k' ku-'kekkō' kwenza isiphazamiso esifutshane.
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Intengo yomsebenzi ifakiwe?
I-'ā' ku-'sābisu' ilingiselwe. 'Ryō' yisigaba esisodwa esizwakala njengo-'ryoh' noqushwano elula.
カードで払えますか
Kādo de haraemasu ka
Ngingakukhokha ngekadi?
Nwebula i-'a' yokuqala ku-'kādo' kancane. U-'u' ku-'haraemasu' ushoshwa.
Amathiphu
AmagamaOkubalela: IsiJapane sisebenzisa amagama akhethekile okubalela izinto ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekudleni nasezindaweni zokudlela. Lokhu kufana nendlela isiZulu esisebenzisa ngayo iziqalo zamagama njengo 'isi' neziphetho ezahlukene. Uma ubalela abantu esiJapaneni, kuhlukile: umuntu oyedwa ngu 'hitori', ababili ngu 'futari', abathathu ngu 'sannin'. Izitsha eziphansi zisebenzisa 'mai', amabhodlela asebenzisa 'hon', izitsha zokudla ezinomhluzi zisebenzisa 'hai'. Ngokufanayo nesiZulu lapho sithi 'abantu abathathu' kepha 'izinkomo ezintathu', isiJapane siyashintsha igama lokubalela ngokwento oyibalayo. Qala ngokufunda amagama okubalela ozowasebenzisa kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela: 'nin' ebantwini, 'hai' ezitsheni, 'hon' emabhodleleni.
Uhlelo Lwezitatimende: IsiJapane silandela isakhiwo esithi sihloko-into-isenzo, okuhambisana nesiZulu esikhuluma ngendlela efanayo. Uma isiZulu sithi 'Ngidla ukudla' (sihloko-senzo-into), isiJapane sithi 'Watashi wa tabemono o tabemasu', okusho ukuthi 'Mina ukudla ngiyakudla'. Isenzo sihlala ekugcineni njengasesiZulwini. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu kunabantu abakhuluma isiNgisi abafunda isiJapane. Uma ubuza umbuzo, isakhiwo sihlala sifana kepha ungeza 'ka' ekugcineni, njengoba isiZulu singeza 'na' noma sishintsha iphimbo. Isitatimende esithi 'Udla yini?' sesiba 'Tabemasu ka?' esiJapaneni. Lokhu kufanana kakhulu nesiZulu, ngakho-ke abantu abakhuluma isiZulu banelungelo elikhulu ekufundeni isakhiwo somusho wesiJapane.
Amavolumu Nezinsizwa: NjengesiZulu esinezinsizwa ezifana no 'si', 'zi', 'ni' ezishintsha ukuchaza, isiJapane sinezinsizwa ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi 'particles' ezilandela amagama ukubonisa umsebenzi wawo. Isinsizwa 'wa' sibonisa isihloko, 'ga' sibonisa umuntu owenza isenzo, 'o' sibonisa into ethintwa yisenzo, futhi 'ni' ibonisa isikhathi noma indawo. Uma uthi 'Kohi o kudasai' (Ngicela ikhofi), i 'o' ibonisa ukuthi ikhofi iyinto oyicelayo. Lokhu kufana nendlela isiZulu esisebenzisa ngayo izinsizwa ukuguqula incazelo yamagama. Isibonelo, esiZulwini sithi 'ngiyapha' noma 'ngiyeza' ngezinsizwa ezahlukene. Isinsizwa 'de' sibonisa indawo okwenzeka kuyo isenzo, njengokuthi 'Resutoran de tabemasu' (Ngidla erestshulenti).
Izimiso Zokudla Ezindaweni Zokudlela: Isiko lesiJapane lokudla linezinkulumo ezithile ezingafani nalutho olukhulunywa esiZulwini. Ngaphambi kokudla, abantu bathi 'itadakimasu' ukubonga ukudla, futhi ngemuva kokudla bathi 'gochisosama deshita'. Lokhu akufani nalokho esikujwayele esiZulwini lapho singase sithi 'siyabonga' kuphela. Uma ungena erestshulentini, uzozwa abasebenzi bethi 'irasshaimase' (wamukelekile), kepha awudingi ukuphendula njengoba ungenza esiZulwini uma uthi 'yebo' noma 'ngiyabonga'. Ukuthula noma ukukhotha ikhanda kuyipendulo efanele. Uma ubiza isisebenzi, sebenzisa 'sumimasen' (uxolo), okufana nokuthi 'uxolo' noma 'sisi' esiZulwini. Lezi zinkulumo azikho nje zibe inhle kuphela, ziyingxenye yesiko futhi zibalulekile ekuboniseni inhlonipho.
Imisindo: IsiJapane asinayo i-click sounds ezinjenge 'c', 'q', 'x' eziqavile esiZulwini. Nokho, sinezinhlamvu ezifana no 'a', 'i', 'u', 'e', 'o' ezihlala ziphimiswa ngendlela eyodwa, kufana nesiZulu lapho amavolumu ehlala efana. IsiZulu sinemisindomkhulu efana no 'bh', 'dl', 'gc', kepha isiJapane asinayo leyo nto. Kunalokho, isiJapane sinamaconsonant ayisisekelo afana no 'k', 't', 's', 'n', 'm', okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuwaphimisa kunabantu abakhuluma isiZulu kunalabo abakhuluma isiNgisi. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isiJapane asinawo umsindo ka 'r' njengowesiZulu, kepha sinesibingelelwano sika 'r' esiphakathi phakathi kuka 'r' no 'l'. Amavolumu amade esiJapaneni aboniswa ngenotation efanayo kepha aphimiswa isikhathi esiphindwe kabili.
Ngoba Izithakazelo zeisiJapan Zokudla Nokudla Kulula Kalubi
Igama lokudla lesiJapan lihle kalubi abaqali ngoba amazwi amaningi odla aqathwe esinye isilimi noma esingisi (kōhii, pan, dezāto), okwenza kube lula ukukhumbula. Izithakazelo ozosebenzisa kakhulu zilandela imikhuba elula enokuphindwa kaningi. Lapho wafunda 'o kudasai' (nginiyacelele), ungayisebenzisa kunoma iyiphi into. Isiko lokudla lesiJapan likhuthaza indlela yokuba ngele ngokuqondene nemininingwane emisiwe efana ne 'itadakimasu' no 'gochisōsama', okuzosetshenziswa ekudleni kuwonke umsebenzi, okukuhlinzeka ngokuzilolonga okwengeziwe. Arestorante zivame ukuba nomenu opak nemikhakha yangaphakathi, okunciphisa injinga yokusho konke ngokuchanekile. Intuthuko somboni weservisisi eJapan ikhulu ngokwedlela futhi netoleransi abangaphandle, okwenza isikhathi esiphilile ukuzilolonga.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Uthini 'angidli' eisiJapan?
Sho 'アレルギーがあります' (arerugii ga arimasu), kusho 'Nginonya umuntu.' Wengeza ukudla ngemuva: 'Ebi arerugii ga arimasu' kusho 'Nginonya udwangu.' Ngamanzi angavi okukhulu, funda '食べられません' (taberaremasen) kusho 'Angikwazi kulidla'.
Uyabika erestorante eJapan?
Akukho, ukubika akusebenziswa eJapan futhi angakwazi ukungeneza noma kuwusizisa. Umsebenzi omuhle udaliswe njengenkambiso, futhi intengo obabona ifaka lonke. Uma uzama ukubika, abasebenzi bangakukhumbula bafuna ukusho ukuthi wakudla imali yakho.
Uthini 'itadakimasu' ngendlela eqonde?
'Itadakimasu' ivela kumverbi 'itadaku', kusho 'ukwemukela ngongenelelo.' Sho ngaphambi kokudla ukukhombisa inhlonipho yekudla, abantu abakuphekezile, kanye nesimo esanikeza ukwenza ililo. Akukho ukulingana okucacile esinglisini, okwenza ibe yisho esivulekile esiJapan sokuzindela futhi zosuka ngaphambi kokulandelela.
Ubesiza kanjani umsebenzi eJapan?
Sho 'すみません' (sumimasen), kusho 'inhlonipho yami,' ukuthola umsebenzi ngendlela elungile. Ungakwazi nawe ukucinda ingubani yokubiza etafuleni owenziwe erestorante amaningi. Ngakuze abasebenzi bafike etafuleni, uzoyizwa kamaningi ukusho 'hai' (yebo) ukuwanika.
Uyafana yini u-'gohan' no-'meshi'?
Lonke kusho 'isinkwa esiphakwe' noma 'ililo,' kodwa 'gohan' luxolelekile futhi lwamba, ilakho ebe linqala, elijwayelekile, futhi lingakwazi ukuzwakala ngandlhela. Sebenzisa 'gohan' erestorante nakuxoxisana okulingenelelo. 'Meshi' kusho okuzwakala phakathi kwabantu abadane abasesilini futhi bangakwazi ukuzwakala ngandlhela. 'Gohan' ngesinqumo 'o' ibe 'o-gohan,' okulingenelelo kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa ngokuthuwalanayo.