Uhlela ukulala eParisi, Montreal, noma kwenye indawo lapho kukhulumwa khona isifrench? Uzodinga okwedlulela ku-bonjour ukuze unzwalele izindawo zezindiza, ubuze indlela, futhi usize izinkinga zokuhamba. Lolu hlaka olwazi lwesifrench lolunele kukhona okungempela lapho umiswele esteshini lokutrain noma ukubhala ehotela. Akho izichazamazwi ezivela kuencwajiswe. Yizikali eziyinhloko ezikusiza ukuthi kuthenge amathikethsi, uthole ikhosi yakho, futhi ukubalisa ukuthi yebo, ibhegi lakho lapho lahambathela phakathi kwaLondon ne-Lyon.
Iziteshini zezindiza nesiteshini sokutrain zingaba ukunyamalala nawina ilwimi. Lezi zichazamazwi zikusiza uthole indlela, uqinisekise ukulalela, futhi ubuze imibuzo efanele lapho izinto zingahambi ngokuthi zihloselwe.
Où est l'aéroport?
oo eh lah-ay-roh-POR
Indawo yesiteshini sezindiza ikuphi?
Ungabi nobunzima ekukhulumeni izinhlamvu zokugcina ku-'aéroport'. Isifrench kuvamile ukushiya izinhlamvu zokugcina.
J'ai un billet
zhay uhn bee-YEH
Nginethikithsi
Isandi se-'j' alikho ekuseni kwegama elingesifrench, kodwa uzwakala ku-'measure'.
Quand est-ce qu'il part?
kahn ess-keel PAR
Nini lokho okuzo?
Dida amagama alusizi. Abantu besifrench bavamile ukuthokoza uma ukhuluma ngaphandle kokuhlala.
Le train est en retard
luh TRAN eh tahn ruh-TAR
Itrain ilethulile
Isandi se-'an' evinjana senziwayo ngokuthela umoya ngaphandle kwesindhebele.
J'ai besoin d'un taxi
zhay buh-ZWAN duhn tahk-SEE
Ngidinga i-taxi
Zifundele isandi evinjana se-'oin' ngokusho 'wan' ngaphandle kwesindhebele.
Ngakuhlela ikamarelo lehotela noma ukuqoqa amakhi ohizindiza, lezi zichazamazwi zihlanganisa izikali zenqubo yokubhala kwangaphakathi nokuseta.
J'ai une réservation
zhay oon ray-zehr-vah-SYOHN
Nginekubhaliwe kwangaphakathi
Isandi somkhulumi we-'r' eyehlela isigameni. Qala ngokusho 'h' futhi hamba ngesindhebele sakho kumuva.
Mes bagages sont perdus
may bah-GAZH sohn pehr-DOO
Ibhegi lami lilalele
Izinhlamvu zokugcina akahlekwa ezigameni zesifrench. Uzothwelula loko.
Où est l'arrêt de bus?
oo eh lah-REH duh BOOS
Indawo yokumiselani basi ikuphi?
Khangela umaki wepuncuation. Waguqula umsindo wephansi futhi kuvamile ukukhombisa i-'s' eyafakwa eyidhlulile.
Aller simple ou aller-retour?
ah-LAY SAN-pluh oo ah-LAY ruh-TOOR
Indlela eyodwa noma indlela nokubuyela?
Dida 'aller' ne-'retour' ngokushesha ngaphandle kobukubazi obulukhuni.
À quelle heure arrivons-nous?
ah KELL uhr ah-ree-VOHN noo
Izikhathi zokufika yini?
Isifrench 'h' akahlekwa. Akusikukugcina kwi-exist.
Ukuphela kwakho kwenza iziphakamiso. Ngaphandle kokuhamba noma ukulalela amakhasimende, izichazamazwi zikufinele ukubuyela kulandela.
Où puis-je me garer?
oo PWEEZH muh gah-RAY
Indawo yokumiselani ama-kha ikuphi?
Sika 'puis-je' ekuthombeni i-almost elinye isigaba: 'pweezh'.
Tournez à gauche ici
toor-NAY ah GOHSH ee-SEE
Zibuyele isokunxele lapha
Isifrench 'ch' akahlekwa ocebile, akenjalo okusanda ekuphele elingesifrench.
Arrêtez-vous ici, s'il vous plaît
ah-reh-TAY voo ee-SEE, seel voo PLEH
Miselani lapha ngiyacela
Hlala engeza 's'il vous plaît' kumbuzo womuntu. Akukuwona umuntu ofuna, akukuwona okusalwa.
C'est loin?
seh LWAN
Kude yini?
Yigcine ifushane futhi elula. Izinhlamvu ezimbili, uthwesi olumele ekugcineni.
Y a-t-il des embouteillages?
yah-TEEL dayz ahm-boo-tay-YAHZH
Imikhwano eyehlela na?
Leli igama elimalusi. Sukelani: ahm-boo-tay-yahzh.
Ekuhambeni kwenya kuvamile kube indlela yokwetulwa izidolobha esifrench. Lezi zichazamazwi zisiza lapho ubuza izindlela noma ukuqonda ababukasikali abani.
Traversez la rue
trah-vehr-SAY lah ROO
Dula umgwaqo
Isifrench 'u' alikho ku-English. Ziqonde ilunga lakho futhi zizame ukusho 'ee'.
Au coin de la rue
oh KWAN duh lah ROO
Ekhinini lendlela
Vubela izinhlamvu evinjana. Ubani umoya ohamba ngaphandle kwesindhebele.
Suivez-moi
swee-VAY mwah
Ngilandele
Wenze 'moi' kumusindo oyodwa: mwah, hhayi mo-wah.
Je suis perdu(e)
zhuh SWEE pehr-DOO
Ngilalele
Ubulili bubushintsha ukukhuluma lapha. Abamuntu bokufanele bahlala u-'d' bonzima.
Pouvez-vous me montrer sur la carte?
poo-VAY voo muh mohn-TRAY soor lah KART
Ungakukhuombisa kumaphu yami?
Leli isigaba esiliziwe futhi elinhloniphile. Iphiniphini ekubumisweni abantu.
Ukulala kuwsebenza kumajwayelo esikhasi. Lezi zichazamazwi zezixhashacese kuthulukahlukela, kuqonda izikhathi zesigodongodongo, nokuhlanganisa nezinsuku zakho.
Quelle heure est-il?
kell UHR eh-TEEL
Isikhathi sini?
Dida lokhu ndawonye: kell-uhr-eh-teel, njengendlela eyodwa elide.
À demain
ah duh-MAN
Ngiyakubona kusasa
Leli lisigaba elisifushane nokutholakala. Elula futhi nesikali.
Pas maintenant, plus tard
pah man-tuh-NAHN, ploo TAR
Hhayi okwamanje, kamuva
Izinhlamvu zokugcina akahlekwa ezigameni zesifrench. Kunganakela.
C'est bientôt
seh bee-ahn-TOH
Kuza phakathi
Uthwesi luwele ku-'tôt' okugcina. Wenze kube izingcosikazi futhi ivulekile.
Lapho uchamazele okuthile noma udinga usizo, lezi zichazamazwi zikukwazisa usizo ongakudingi ukubheka incwajiswe yokulwazi.
Où l'avez-vous mis?
oo lah-VAY voo MEE
Uwabeka kuphi?
Dida 'l'avez' ngokushesha. Amavulatshelo amatshengise ukuthi kuhlanganiswe kancane.
Je ne le trouve pas
zhuh nuh luh TROOV pah
Angilithole
Ungabi nokucinithela ku-'ne' noma ku-'le'. Yizinhlamvu ezimbalwa zokuxhumanisa.
Quelqu'un peut m'aider?
kel-KUHN puh meh-DAY
Ngubani ongakusiza?
Sika 'm'aider' into izikhathi ezimbili: meh-day.
Amathiphu
Imisindo: IsiFulentshi sinezimisindo ezahlukile kunesiZulu, ikakhulukazi umsindo we-'r' ovela emphinjeni, hhayi olimini njengasesiZulwini. Imisindo yezikhamiso efana no-'p', 't', 'k' ayinamfutho wokuphefumula njengasesiZulwini. Umsindo we-'u' usiFulentshi ufana nokuthi ujibilize izindebe bese ushaya umsindo we-'i', okungekho esiZulwini. Izikhamiso ezifana no-'j' zisho umsindo ohlukile, njengasegameni 'je' elisho 'mina'. Zizondle lezi zimisindo ngokuzilalela kakhulu kubantu baseFrance abakhuluma iFulentshi, futhi uzame ukukhulumelisa ngomlomo owedlulele kakhulu kunokukhulumelisa isiZulu.
Indlela yokubuza ngesikhombisi: Uma uhamba emazweni akhuluma isiFulentshi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukubuza ngesikhombisi ngendlela enomusa. IsiFulentshi sisebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokubuza: 'Où est...?' (Ikuphi...?) kanye 'Pour aller à...?' (Ukuya ku...?). Kufanele uqale ngokuthi 'Excusez-moi' (Uxolo) ngaphambi kokubuza, ngoba abantu baseFrance bayakubheka kabi uma ungabingeleli. Uma ufuna indawo, sebenzisa amagama afana no-'gauche' (kwesokunxele), 'droite' (kwesokudla), 'tout droit' (uqonde phambili). Gcina ngokuthi 'Merci beaucoup' (Ngiyabonga kakhulu). Lolu hlelo lwenhlonipho lubalulekile kakhulu eziteshini zamabhasi nasezindaweni zikahulumeni.
Isakhiwo sobuningi: EsiFulentshini, ubuningi bakhiwa ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu kunesiZulu. EsiZulwini sisebenzisa iziqalo ezifana no-'ama-' noma 'izi-', kodwa isiFulentshi sivamise ukwengeza u-'s' ekugcineni kwegama. Kodwa kunezinhlelo eziningi ezingajwayelekile: 'cheval' (ihhashi) liba 'chevaux', 'œil' (iso) liba 'yeux'. Okubucayi ukuthi isiFulentshi sinesigaba sobulili (owesilisa nobesifazane) esibizwa nge-'le' kanye 'la', kanti lesi sibonakala nakubuningi nge-'les'. Uma ufunda izimpawu zokuhamba noma amamenu asezitolo, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi igama lisesigabeni sini futhi lingabe libuningi yini. Lesi sakhiwo asinazo izimpawu ezifanayo esiZulwini ngoba ulimi lwethu lunamaqoqo ahlukile.
Ukucela ngesikhombisi ngokuzithoba: Lapho uhamba emazweni akhuluma isiFulentshi, ukucela izinto ezifana namathekhisi, amathikithi, noma ukudla kudinga indlela ethile yenhlonipho. Sebenzisa itemu ye-'conditionnel' elifana nokuthi 'Je voudrais...' (Ngingathanda...) kunokuthi 'Je veux' (Ngifuna), okungabonakala ukuthi unamandla kakhulu. Uma ucela usizo esiteshini samabhasi, yisho 'Pourriez-vous m'aider?' (Ungangisiza?). EsiZulwini sivamise ukusebenzisa 'ngicela' kodwa isiFulentshi sinendlela eyengeziwe yokubonisa inhlonipho ngokuguqula isimo segama. Abantu baseFrance bayalindela lezi zinhlelo, futhi ukungasebenzisi kungabangela ukuthi bathathe ukuthi awuhloniphi. Funda lezi zinhlelo ngaphambi kokuhamba kube lula ukuxhumana.
Amagama akhohlisayo: Kunamagama athile asiFulentshini abonakala efana nawasiZulu kodwa asho izinto ezahlukile, noma amagama avela ezilimini zasendulo ezasakaza kuzo zombili. Igama elithi 'pain' lisho 'isinkwa' hhayi 'ubuhlungu' njengoba ungacabanga ngenxa yegama lesiNgisi. Igama elithi 'car' lisho 'ibhasi' hhayi 'imoto' (okuyinto 'voiture'). Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi zombili izilimi zinamagama avela kwamaLatini ngenxa yomlando wombuso, njengegama elithi 'famille' (umndeni) elifana negama eliqondene nesiZulu 'umuli'. Cabanga ngalokhu lapho ufunda amagama amasha: ungathembeli nje ekubukekeni kwegama kodwa landela incazelo yangempela eyamukelwe ngabantu abakhuluma ulimi.
Ingabe Isifrench Kunzima Kubaningi Abakhulunyane iZulu
IsiFreuch kunzima okumele, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuzuza. Uzobona amagama angaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ngoba isiZulu siphikamuze ngokukhulu isiFreunch (indawo yokudla, ukuhamba, ihotele), futhi izilimi zombili zisebenzisa izihloko zeLatini. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zikukhulunywa kwezipho (izipho zegazi elikhethekile, izipho zaminono azingekho, nakuthi lithi lithi 'r' eliphansi), kanye nokuba ngubani (ibizo ngalinye liyindoda noma yowesifazane). Kodwa-ke, izipho esiFreench zilandela imithetho ehle uma uyiyufunde, kanye nokuthi umlomo, nakuba ungafani, uqondile futhi ulandelwe. Ngokuqondene nokuhamba, ungakhohlisana kahle ngezipho eziyisisekelo nokwenziwa. CEFR ibika ukuthi isiFreench sithabela ngu-600 kusisusela 750 iiyure ukuze ufinyelele B2, kodwa ngengcaciso yokuhamba, uzobe nomsebenzi ngo-20 kusisusela 30 iiyure zokuqeqesha okukhethekile. Inzuzo eyinhloko. Abantu bendawo bakuthanda lapho abahambi bezama ulimi lwabo, okwenza amathuba okuziqeqesha aningi kakhulu.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izichazamazwi zeisifrench eziphakamele kubantu abahamba?
Izikali zokucela ukuthola izimpilo zimi 'Bonjour', izikhungo ezinonzile ('S'il vous plaît', 'Merci'), ukubuza usizo ('Pouvez-vous m'aider?'), ukuthola izindlu zokuhlamba ('Où sont les toilettes?'), imbuzo ye-transport ('Où est...?', 'Combien coûte...?'). Lokho kubushinyalali, zazi 'J'ai besoin d'aide' (Ngidinga usizo) futhi 'Appelez la police' (Biza amapulazi). Lokhu kuveza izikhathi ezingama-80% zesisitelo nokwebuchule ibulali isizolon.
Ngabe kufuneka ukukhuluma isifrench ukuhamba efaranse?
Ungahamba kumadolobha amakhulukhulu esifrench ngo-English yodwa, kodwa ukuzwakali izichazamazwi zeisifrench zakukhuluma iphumo lokuba nomuhla omuhle. Kuparis, Lyon, no-Nice, abantu abaningi bokuthulukahlukela bathwele isizolon. Kodwa, kumadolobha amancane, emapulazini, futhi kubantu abadala, isizolon akulashwa. Okwedlulela, esiko lesisifrench kushwele ukuzama: ukuzama ukukhuluma isifrench, noma kunobunzima, ubuvula umnyango futhi wenze ukunyembekeza. Qala umkhulumo nge-'Parlez-vous anglais?' (Ingabe ukhuluma isizolon?) ngemuva kokubula ubuso esikhaleni kunebukhulumo nokubulali isizolon.
Ngithini uma ngidinga usizo eFrance?
Ungasho 'Au secours!' (ngisizeni!) esimweni esiphuthumayo noma 'Pouvez-vous m'aider?' (ungangisiza?) kwizimo ezijwayelekile. Abantu baseFrance bayasiza uma ubabingelela ngesiFrench bese ucela usizo ngenhlonipho.
Ngifunda kanjani amagama esifrench okudlela esitolo noma erestyu?
Funda amagama afana no 'l'addition' (ibhili), 'menu' (imenyu), 'eau' (amanzi), kanye nokuthi 'je voudrais' (ngingathanda). Lawa magama ayakusiza ukuthenga ukudla nokuphuza ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Yiziphi izinkulumo ezibalulekile zesifrench ezokuthutha ngemoto noma ngesitimela?
Khumbula amagama athi 'gare' (isiteshi sesitimela), 'bus' (ibhasi), 'taxi' (itekisi), 'billet' (ithikithi), kanye nokuthi 'arrêt' (ukuma). Funda futhi ukubuza 'Où est...' (ikuphi...) ukuthola indawo oyifunayo.