Ukufunda imisho eyisisekelo yesi-Spanish kuyindlela yakho esheshayo esheshayo yokufinyelela ezingxoxweni zangempela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyahamba uya eMadrid, uxoxa nabomakhelwane, noma uqala uhambo lwakho lolimi. Lesi sikhombisi sikunikeza imisho ebalulekile engu-23 enamathiphu okuphimisa enzelwe ngokukhethekile abakhulumi besiZulu, ukuze ukwazi ukuzethula, ukwazi ukwazi ukuodola ukudla, ukucela usizo, kanye nokuhlola izimo zansuku zonke ngokuzethemba. Le ayisiyona amagama avamile wokuvokabula. Yizakhi ezikusiza ukuthi uxhumane kusukela usuku lokuqala.
Okuqukethwe
Ukubingelela Nokuzethula
Le misho ikusiza wenze isithombe sokuqala esibalulekile. Abantu baseSpain naseLatini America bayakwazisa uma wenza umzamo, ngisho noma ukuphimisa kwakho kungaphelele.
¡Hola!
OH-lah
Sawubona!
Shо 'OH' njenge-'oh no!' bese ulandela nge-'lah' okufana ne-'la'.
Me llamo...
meh YAH-moh
Igama lami ngu...
U-'me' ufana ne-'meh'. U-'ll' uphimiswa 'YAH', hhayi 'LAH'.
Mucho gusto
MOO-choh GOO-stoh
Ngiyajabula ukukwazi
MOO njenge-'moo' (umsindo wenkomo), choh njenge-'choke' ngaphandle kwe-'k'. GOO njenge-'goo' futhi stoh njenge-'stow'.
Soy de...
soy deh
Ngivela e...
Soy ifana ne-'boy' yesiNgisi. Deh izwakala njenge-'deh' ku-'debt'.
¿De dónde eres?
deh DOHN-deh EH-rehs
Uvela kuphi?
DOHN izwakala njenge-'dome' nge-'n'. EH-rehs ine-'r' ethephiwe noma ebhotshozwayo.
Imisho Yenhlonipho Ngesi-Spanish
Inhlonipho ivula iminyango yonke indawo, kodwa ihlonishwa ikakhulukazi emasikweni akhuluma isi-Spanish. Le misho izokwenza ukuthi wonke umsebenzi wokuxhumana ube lula.
Por favor
pohr fah-VOHR
Ngicela
Pohr izwakala njenge-'pore'. Fah njenge-'fa' emculweni. VOHR ifana ne-'for' kodwa ngokuthepha kolimi.
Gracias
GRAH-see-ahs
Ngiyabonga
GRAH njenge-'grass' ngaphandle kwe-'s' yesibili. See-ahs nge-'a' njenge-'father'.
Lo siento
loh see-EHN-toh
Ngiyaxolisa
Loh njenge-'low'. See-EHN ngokucindezelwa ku-EHN. Toh njenge-'toe'.
Disculpe
dees-KOOL-peh
Uxolo
Dees njenge-'these' ngaphandle kwe-'th'. KOOL njenge-'cool'. Peh njenge-'pen'.
De nada
deh NAH-dah
Wamukelekile
Deh njenge-'debt'. NAH njengokuthi ushо 'nah' ngokungahleliwe. Dah umsindo ofanayo.
Uma Ungaqondi
Ungethuki uma ulahleka engxoxweni. Le misho iyisiphetho sakho sokuphepha futhi ibonisa ukuthi uyazama ukufunda.
No entiendo
noh ehn-tee-EHN-doh
Angiqondi
Noh njenge-'no'. Ehn izwakala ne-nasal. Tee njenge-'tea'. EHN-doh ngokucindezelwa ku-EHN.
¿Puede repetir?
PWEH-deh reh-peh-TEER
Ungaphinda lokho?
PWEH ifana ne-'whey'. Deh njengenjwayelo. Reh-peh ngokuthepha okusheshayo. TEER njenge-'tear' (ukukhala).
Más despacio, por favor
mahs deh-SPAH-see-oh pohr fah-VOHR
Kancane kancane, ngicela
Mahs njenge-'moss' nge-'ah'. Deh-SPAH-see-oh ngokucindezelwa ku-SPAH.
¿Qué significa?
keh seeg-nee-FEE-kah
Kusho ukuthini lokho?
Keh njenge-'keh'. Seeg njenge-'seek' nge-'g'. Nee-FEE-kah ngokucindezelwa ku-FEE.
Ukuthenga Namanani
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usemakethe noma esitolo sokudla, ukwazi ukubuza ngentengo kukugcina ungakhombi futhi ungabi nokuqagela.
¿Cuánto cuesta?
KWAHN-toh KWEHS-tah
Kubiza malini?
KWAHN izwakala njenge-'Quan' ku-quantum. Toh njengenjwayelo. KWEHS njenge-'quest'. Tah njenge-'ta'.
Es muy caro
ehs mwee KAH-roh
Kubiza kakhulu
Ehs njenge-'S'. Mwee njenge-'we' nge-'m'. KAH njenge-'car'. Roh ngokuthepha okulula.
¿Puedo pagar?
PWEH-doh pah-GAHR
Ngingakhokha?
PWEH-doh njengangaphambili. Pah njenge-'pa'. GAHR nge-'r' ethephiwe, ifana ne-'car' kodwa nge-'r'.
Ukuthola Indlela Yakho
Ukulahleka kuyingxenye ye-adventure, kodwa le misho ikusiza uthole indlela yakho ubuyele empilweni.
¿Dónde está?
DOHN-deh eh-STAH
Ikuphi?
DOHN-deh ngokucindezelwa ku-DOHN. Eh-STAH ngokucindezelwa ku-STAH.
A la izquierda
ah lah ees-kee-EHR-dah
Ngakwesokunxele
Ah lah kalula. Ees-kee-EHR-dah ngokucindezelwa ku-EHR.
A la derecha
ah lah deh-REH-chah
Ngakwesokudla
Ah lah njengangaphambili. Deh-REH-chah ngokucindezelwa ku-REH. Ch njenge-'chair'.
¿Está cerca?
eh-STAH SEHR-kah
Kuyeduzane?
Eh-STAH ngokucindezelwa ku-STAH. SEHR njenge-'sir'. Kah njengenjwayelo.
Ukwodola Ukudla Neziphuzo Ngesi-Spanish
Ukudla kuhlanganisa abantu. Le misho ikusiza ujabulele ukudla kwendawo ngaphandle kokukhomba izithombe (nakuba lokho kusebenza futhi).
Agua, por favor
AH-gwah pohr fah-VOHR
Amanzi, ngicela
AH-gwah ngokucindezelwa ku-AH. U-'g' ulukhuni njenge-'go'.
Tengo hambre
TEHN-goh AHM-breh
Ngilambile
TEHN njenge-'ten'. Goh njengenjwayelo. AHM-breh, akukho msindo we-'h'.
¿Tienen pan?
tee-EH-nehn pahn
Ninazo isinkwa?
Tee-EH-nehn ngokucindezelwa ku-EH. Pahn ifana ne-'con' kodwa nge-'p'.
Quiero comer
kee-EH-roh koh-MEHR
Ngifuna ukudla
Kee-EH-roh ngokucindezelwa ku-EH. Koh-MEHR ngokucindezelwa ku-MEHR.
Ukucela Usizo
Ngezinye izikhathi izinto ziba kabi. Le misho ikusiza uthole usizo ngaphandle kokucindezeleka.
Tengo un problema
TEHN-goh oon proh-BLEH-mah
Nginenkinga
TEHN-goh njengangaphambili. Oon njenge-'oon' ku-'moon'. Proh-BLEH-mah ngokucindezelwa ku-BLEH.
¿Me puede ayudar?
meh PWEH-deh ah-yoo-DAHR
Ungangisiza?
Meh njengenjwayelo. PWEH-deh. Ah-yoo-DAHR ngokucindezelwa ku-DAHR.
Amathiphu
Amazinga Enhlonipho Emishweni Yansuku Zonke: EsiSpanish, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokukhuluma okungahleliwe (tú) nokusemthethweni (usted), ikakhulukazi emishweni yansuku zonke yokubingelela nezethulo. NjengobakhulumisiZulu lapho sihlonipha khona abantu abadala ngokusebenzisa nina/wena nendlela yokukhuluma, isiSpanish sisebenzisa 'usted' kubantu abadala, abangazi, nasezimweni zebhizinisi. Okuhlukile wukuthi isi-Spanish sishintsha isimo senkulumo kanjalo: 'eres' (wena, okungahleliwe) kuya ku-'es usted' (wena, okusemthethweni). Uma ungaqiniseki, qala nge-'usted' kuze kube sekuthini othile akutshele 'puedes tutearme' (ungasebenzisa tú nami). Emishweni eyisisekelo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ufunda izindlela zombili zokubuza into efanayo: '¿Cómo estás?' (okungahleliwe) versus '¿Cómo está usted?' (okusemthethweni).
Imisindo Efana NesiZulu: Amazwi amaningi esi-Spanish afana nalawa esiZulu, okwenza ukuphimisa kube lula kubafundi besiZulu kunabakhulumi besiNgisi noma besilungu. Omavolweli basiSpanish (a, e, i, o, u) banezimpawu ezihlanzekile ezingashintshi, okufanayo nomavolweli besiZulu. I-'a' ihlale ithi 'ah', i-'e' ithi 'eh', i-'i' ithi 'ee', i-'o' ithi 'oh', kanye no-'u' uthi 'oo'. Lokhu kufana ncamashi nendlela esiphimisa ngayo amagama esiZulu anjengoba 'mama', 'baba', 'yebo'. Okhonzonanti abanjenge 'p', 't', 'k', 'b', 'd', 'g' nawo basebenza ngokufanayo ezilimini zombili. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isi-Spanish asinayo imisindo ecekethayo noma emikhuhlaneni yethu, kodwa imisindo ewumongo ilula kakhulu kubafundi besiZulu kunabafundi bezinye izilimi zaseYurophu.
Ukungaphimisi U-H Nokubingelela: Imisho eyisisekelo yokubingelela njenge-'¡Hola!' iveza umthetho omkhulu wesi-Spanish: u-'h' uthule njalo. Kubafundi besiZulu, lokhu kufana nendlela esiphimisa ngayo amagama anjenge-'hhayi' lapho u-h ekhona kodwa enomsebenzi ohlukile. Esi-Spanish, u-'h' awunamsebenzi nhlobo: 'hola' iphimiswa 'OH-lah' hhayi 'HOH-lah', 'hambre' ithi 'AHM-breh', 'hotel' ithi 'oh-TEL'. Lokhu kwenza izinto zibe lula ngoba ungase ulibale incwadi futhi uphimise nje omavolweli. Emishweni yokubingelela, lokhu kubalulekile: '¡Hola!' (sawubona), '¿Cómo está?' (unjani), kanye ne-'hasta luego' (ngizokubona kamuva) konke kuqala ngama-vowels ngqo. Kuzijwayeza ukubona u-'h' kodwa ungasho lutho, ikakhulukazi lapho usazokhuluma.
Izakhiwo Zomusho Nezenzo: Isi-Spanish kanye nesiZulu zombili zishintsela izenzo ziyengqikithi ukubonisa isikhathi nalowo owenza isenzo, kodwa ngezindlela ezihlukene. EsiZulu sithi 'ngiya-dla' (sekwenzeka manje), 'bengi-dla' (kwenzeke endulo), 'ngiyo-dla' (kuzokwenzeka), lapho si-Spanish sisebenzisa iziphelo: 'como' (sekwenzeka manje), 'comí' (kwenzeke endulo), 'comeré' (kuzokwenzeka). Kokubili kungabi nazo izifinyezo ezifana nezi-English. Esi-Spanish singalahlela ekhaya isabizwana sesiqu njengoba si-'Como pan' (Ngidla isinkwa) ngaphandle kokudinga 'yo' (mina), ngoba isiphelo '-o' sesivele sitshela ukuthi nguwe owenza isenzo. Lokhu kufana nesiZulu lapho umongo womusho ngokuvamile ucacile ngokwenkulumo. Emishweni eyisisekelo, uzobona ukuthi isi-Spanish esiningi sishintsha iziphetho zezenzo: 'tengo' (nginawo), 'tiene' (uyena), 'tienen' (banakho).
Izinhlolokhono Namasiko Okuxhumana: Kubafundi besiZulu abajwayele amasiko wethu we-ubuntu (ubuntu ngabanye), amasiko esi-Spanish okubingelela nawokuxhumana angase azizwe efanayo. Zombili izindlu zesiko zibekela ukuhloniphana phezulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizukulwane. Ngesi-Spanish, kujwayelekile ukubingelela wonke umuntu endlini noma esitolo ngokungena (¡Hola! noma ¡Buenos días!), okufana nendlela yethu yokubingelela ekhaya. Ukuphendula uma ubongwa nge-'De nada' (wamukelekile) noma 'No hay de qué' (akukho lutho) kubonisa ubuntu njengesiko lethu lokuthi 'kulungile' noma 'yebo'. Imisho yamazwi amaningi ajwayelekile ngokwengeziwe kunemisho emifushane, okufana nendlela esivame ukuxoxa ngayo esiZulwini. Ngenkathi ufunda imisho eyisisekelo, qaphela ukuthi inhlonipho nokwazisa kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke, hhayi nje amakhono olimi.
Imisho Yesi-Spanish Inzima Kangakanani?
Le misho eyisisekelo isemazingeni we-A1, isiqalo esiliphelele sohambo lwakho lwesi-Spanish. Igrama ilula futhi amagama asetshenziswa kakhulu, okusho ukuthi uzowazwa futhi uwasebenzise njalo. Ukuphimisa kudinga ukuzijwayeza, ikakhulukazi imisindo engekho esiZulu njenge-'r' ethephiwe namavolweli ahlanzekile, kodwa abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuzwakalisa emasontweni ambalwa okuzijwayeza. Umongo wamasiko uyaxolela. Abakhulumi bomdabu balindele ukuthi abaqalayo benze amaphutha futhi ngokuvamile bayakwazisa noma yiluphi umzamo wokukhuluma ulimi lwabo.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yimiphi imisho ebaluleke kakhulu yesi-Spanish yabaqalayo?
Imisho ebaluleke kakhulu yileyo yokubingelela ('Hola', 'Mucho gusto'), imisho yenhlonipho ('Por favor', 'Gracias', 'Lo siento'), namathuluzi okuxhumana ayisisekelo ('No entiendo', '¿Puede repetir?'). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqale izingxoxo, ubonakalise inhlonipho, futhi ulungise ukungaqondi. Engeza '¿Cuánto cuesta?' yokuthenga kanye ne-'¿Dónde está?' yokuzulazula, futhi ungakwazi ukusingatha izimo eziningi zokuqala zokuhamba.
Uphimisa kanjani imisho eyisisekelo ngesi-Spanish?
Ukuphimisa kwesi-Spanish kuyaqhubeka uma ufunda imithetho. Wonke amavolweli anomsindo owodwa: 'a' = ah, 'e' = eh, 'i' = ee, 'o' = oh, 'u' = oo. Incwadi 'h' ihlale ithule. Okhonzonanti abaningi bafana nabesiNgisi, kodwa 'j' izwakala njenge-'h' enamandla, 'll' ivame ukuzwakalisa njenge-'y', futhi 'r' iyathephiwe noma iyabhotshozwa. Qala ngezikhombisi ze-romanization, bese ulalela abakhulumi bomdabu ukuze ucwengise iphimbo lakho.
Ngingafunda isi-Spanish ngokugcina imisho nje?
Ukugcina imisho kukuqalisa futhi kwakha ukuzethemba, kodwa uzophelelwa masinyane ngaphandle kokuqonda amaphethini egrama. Imisho enjenge-'Me llamo' (igama lami) kanye ne-'Tengo hambre' (ngilambile) ikufundisa amaphethini awusizo ongawashintsha. Uma usuqonda ukuthi 'tengo' kusho 'nginawo', ungakha imisho emisha njenge-'Tengo una pregunta' (nginombuzo). Hlanganisa ukugcina imisho nokuqonda igrama eyisisekelo ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Yini umehluko phakathi kwemisho yesi-Spanish okusemthethweni nokungahleliwe?
Isi-Spanish sinendlela yokusemthethweni (usted) nokungahleliwe (tú) yokukhuluma nabantu. Kubangani, umndeni, nabantu abangontanga bakho, sebenzisa okungahleliwe: '¿De dónde eres?' (uvela kuphi?). Kubantu ongabazi, abantu abadala, noma ezimweni zebhizinisi, sebenzisa okusemthethweni: '¿De dónde es usted?' ELatini America, imithetho yenhlonipho iqinile kakhulu kunaseSpain. Uma ungaqiniseki, qala ngesithunzi. Abakhulumi bomdabu bavame ukukutshela 'Puedes tutearme' (ungasebenzisa tú nami) uma befuna ukuthi ushintshe ube okungahleliwe.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufunda imisho eyisisekelo yesi-Spanish?
Ungakwazi ukugcina imisho ebalulekile engu-20-25 emahoreni ambalwa okufunda okugxile. Ukuyisebenzisa ngokoqobo engxoxweni kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezulu, ngokuvamile amaviki angu-2-4 okuzijwayeza njalo. Ukuphimisa kuthatha isikhathi esingeziwe ngoba abakhulumi besiZulu badinga ukuqeqesha imisipha yomlomo imisindo yesi-Spanish. Ngezikhathi zokuzijwayeza zamaminithi angu-15 nsuku zonke usebenzisa amathuluzi aqalisiwe izwi, abafundi abaningi bangasebenzisa imisho eyisisekelo ngokuzethemba ezimweni zangempela ngenyanga eyodwa.