Ukufunda iziphrase zesisekelo zePortuguese yisinyathelo sakho sokuqala ekulinganiswaneni nokuxoxa okuzuzwayo, nokusho ukuthi uhlela ukuya eBrazil, ePortugal, noma nje ukuhlola ulwimi olusha olunobuhle. Lezi zisho ezibhalwe ngaphansi zizokusiza ngokubingelela abantu, ukucela usizo, ukuohlela ukudla, nokuhamba ezimo zansuku zonke ngokuzithembi. Akudingeki ukuthi uziqondasize kahle izilwimi ezinzima ngalesonsikhathi. Iziphrase ezilula ezakhethelwe kakuhle zingavula imithwalo, zenze ukuxhumana, zenze uhlelo lwakho lokufunda lwePortuguese lunabizele ngokushesha.
Okuqukethwe
Imikhosi Neziethule
Ukuqala ingxoxo ngesiPortuguese kulula kakhulu. Lezi zisho zizokusize ukulethela ithembile futhi wenze uqamuka olungile.
Olá!
oh-LAH
Sawubona!
Ithiwe 'oh-LAH'. Iqiniso eliphakeme kulilizwi lesibili. I-'h' ayiphononswi.
Meu nome é...
MEH-oo NOH-mee eh
Igama lami ngu...
Vala igama ngalinye okubalulekile. I-'é' iphononswi njengo-'e' ku-'café.'
Prazer em conhecê-lo
prah-ZEHR em ko-nye-SEH-loo
Kuyabanda ukwazi wena (okusemthethweni)
Inhlanganiselo ye-'nh' ikhuluma njengesikho esingekhona ngesiNgisi.
Eu sou de...
EH-oo soh jee
Ngivela ku...
I-'d' ku-'de' iba sezana futhi ifana no-'j' ngesikhathini sikaPortuguese seBrazil.
De onde você é?
jee ON-jee vo-SEH eh
Uvela kuphi?
Zisa uthweshamode ku-'SEH' asibeni ku-'você.' I-'é' ekugcineni ichule futhi iluhlaza.
Izisho Ezenzile zePortuguese
Imikhuba enhle iyabaluleka phansi. Lezi magama alula azokusiza ukunqoba izimo zezenhlalo nokuhlonipheka.
Por favor
pohr fah-VOHR
Ngiyacela
Zomba i-'o' ziyavulekile. Zisa uthweshamode asibeni lokugcina 'VOHR.'
Obrigado
oh-bree-GAH-doo
Ngiyabonga (umuntu owesilisa)
Zisa uthweshamode asibeni 'GAH'. Abafazi kumele baguque ekugcineni ku-'obrigada' (ah-dah).
Desculpe
deh-SKOOL-pee
Uxolo / Uxolo
Uthweshamode wela ku-'SKOOL.' Ungapronaunse i-'e' ekugcineni njengeNgisi 'excuse.'
Com licença
kom lee-SEN-sah
Uxolo (ukudlula)
I-'om' inezilwimi zezenhlalo zezibuthe. Gcina imimila yakho iyazungezwe nge-'m.'
Sem problema
sem proh-BLEH-mah
Awukho umphakathi
Ungapronaunse kubi i-'m' ku-'sem.' Vumela kuxamathelana nzezibuthe.
Uma Ungaqondi
Ungakhathazeki uma ungalandeli konke kokuqala. Lezi zisho zizokusiza ukunqoba ingxoxo futhi ufunde naphakathi.
Não entendo
now en-TEN-doo
Angiqondi
I-'ão' yinye yezisho zePortuguese. Wala imigamigami yakho emuva kwe-'ow.'
Pode repetir?
POH-jee heh-peh-CHEER
Ungayibuyisa?
I-'r' ekugcineni kuPortuguese seBrazil iphononswi njengo-'h' noma ikhiphitha eenharizi.
Fale mais devagar, por favor
FAH-lee mice deh-vah-GAHR pohr fah-VOHR
Ngiyacela ukukhuluma kancane
Yahlula abe izicubu: FAH-lee / mice / deh-vah-GAHR / pohr fah-VOHR.
O que significa?
oo kee see-nee-FEE-kah
Okho okusho inkosi?
Zisa uthweshamode asibeni 'FEE'. Gcina ubusulwa obomvu futhi buncekilile.
Ukuthengisa Nemali
Noma u-market noma ku-café, lezi zisho zizokusiza ukunqoba amathuba ngomugqhali.
Quanto custa?
KWAN-too KOOS-tah
Kuningi kakhulu?
Gcina ubusulwa bwe-'u' okufanele. Zisa uthweshamode 'KWAN' kanye nene-'KOOS.'
Muito caro
MWEEN-too KAH-roo
Kukhulu kakhulu
I-'muito' iqala nge-'mw' isikho, hhayi nje 'm.'
Posso pagar?
POH-soo pah-GAHR
Ungakwazi ukukhela?
I-'ss' iyisikho esichule se-'s', akuwona 'z.'
Izindawo neEzikhundla
Ukunqoba izikhundla kunomthwalo uma ungakwazi ukubuza futhi uqonde izinkomba ezisikho.
Onde fica?
ON-jee FEE-kah
Ifikisha?
Vumela i-'on' ukuthi ixamathelane enziklelezini. Ungaphronaunse i-'ond.'
À esquerda
ah esh-KEHR-dah
Kwisohluko
I-'qu' ngaphambi kwe-'e' isikho njengo-'k.'
À direita
ah jee-RAY-tah
Kulungele
I-'di' inhlanganiselo iba 'jee' ekuqaleni kweBrazil, hhayi ePortugal.
É perto?
eh PEHR-too
Ikusilani?
Gcina okumagqabane futhi okulula. Izibeni ezibili eziluhlazwa.
Ukudla nokuwisa
Ukudla kungumanye wezinto ezinobubi ekuhambeni, ngokukudinga EPortuguese. Lezi zisho zizokusize ukuohlela okukuthanda.
Água, por favor
AH-gwah pohr fah-VOHR
Amanzi, ngiyacela
Ungahlukanisi i-'á' kanye ne-'gua.' Vumela zihlanganise esikhundleni esibini esisodwa.
Estou com fome
esh-TOH kom FOH-mee
Ngulambile
I-PortugAu usiqondisa 'estar com' (ukuba ngenye) zemikhuba ethemporal njengesikhundla solambulo.
Um café, por favor
oom kah-FEH pohr fah-VOHR
I-kafu elilodwa, ngiyacela
I-nasal 'um' kufanele ixamathelane ngaphansi kwenharizi, hhayi isikho njengo-'umb.'
A conta, por favor
ah KON-tah pohr fah-VOHR
Ibhili, ngiyacela
I-'a' ekuqaleni yinto yokuthulisa okukuthuliswa kwe-'the.'
Amathiphu
Ukubingelela: EsiPhuthukezi kunezindlela eziningi zokubingelela ezihlukahlukene ngokwezikhathi nosuku. "Bom dia" kusho "sawubona" ekuseni, "boa tarde" ntambama, futhi "boa noite" ebusuku. Lokhu kuyehluka kakhulu nesiZulu lapho sisebenzisa "sawubona" noma "sanibonani" nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. OmaPhuthukezi banendlela efanayo yokubingelela njengabantu bakithi, kodwa baphinda bahlukana ngokwezikhathi. Uma uphendula, ungasho "olá" noma uphinde ubuye ubingelele ngegama elifanayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi "tchau" (kusho "sala kahle") kuyasetshenziswa phakathi kwabangani, hanti "até logo" noma "adeus" zingcono ezimweni ezisemthethweni.
Izinhlelo Zohlelo: Uhlelo lwesiPhuthukezi lwezilandiso luyehluka kakhulu nolwesiZulu. EsiZulwini sinamakilasi ezibizo ayi-15 afana no-umu/aba, u/o, i/ama, njalonjalo. Kodwa esiPhuthukezini kukhona ubulili obubili kuphela: obesilisa (masculino) nobensikazi (feminino). Isibonelo, "o menino" (umfana) kanye no-"a menina" (intombazane). Lesi sigaba sobulili siyaphinda sithinte zonke izingxenye zomusho, kufaka phakathi izesabizwana, iziphawulo, nezichasiso. Lokhu kungaba nzima kubantu abakhuluma isiZulu ngoba akukho ubulili obusobala ezibizweni zethu. Kumele ufunde ubulili begama ngalinye futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye zomusho ziyahambisana ngobulili nobunani.
Imisindo Yezinhlamvu: Esikhathini sokufunda isiPhuthukezi, abantu abakhuluma isiZulu bazothola ukuthi imisindo yezinhlamvu ithile iyafana, kodwa eminye iyehluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, uhlamvu "r" esiPhuthukezini lusuke lwenziwa emqaleni (uvular) noma luthiwe ngendlela ethambile, kungafani no-"r" wesiZulu osuke uzwakala ngokuqinile. Umsindo ka-"lh" esiPhuthukezi ufana nomsindo wethu ka-"hl" esiZulwini, njengegama elithi "filho" (indodana). Kodwa umsindo ka-"nh" ufana no-"ny" wethu. Imisindo yezikhamiso ezifana no-"p", "t", "k" iyafana phakathi kwalezi zilimi zombili. Umehluko omkhulu uwukuthi isiPhuthukezi sinemisindo eminingi yama-vowels (okungu-12 noma ngaphezulu), kanti isiZulu sinama-vowels amahlanu kuphela: a, e, i, o, u.
Inhlonipho Nezinga Lokusemthethweni: EsiPhuthukezini kunezindlela ezimbili zokusho "wena": "tu" (engekho semthethweni) kanye no-"você" noma "o senhor/a senhora" (ezisemthethweni). Lokhu kufana nesiZulu lapho sisebenzisa "wena" kubangani, kodwa sikhuluma ngendlela ehloniphekile kubantu abadala noma ezikhathini ezisemthethweni. Uma usebenzisa isenzo sesiPhuthukezi, kumele usiguqule ukuze sifane nezinga lenhlonipho. Isibonelo, "obrigado/a" kusho "ngiyabonga", kodwa ungasho "muito obrigado" ukuze ukhombe inhlonipho eyengeziwe. Imisho enjengokuthi "por favor" (ngicela), "com licença" (uxolo), kanye no-"desculpe" (ngiyaxolisa) kumele isetshenziswe njalo ezingxoxweni ezisemthethweni. Lezi zinhlelo ziyafana nezakithi zokuhlonipha, kodwa uhlelo lwazo esiPhuthukezini luhlukile ngokwendlela yokuguqula izenzo.
Amagama Akhohlisayo: Kunezwi elithile elithiwa ngama-"false friends" phakathi kwesiZulu nesiPhuthukezi, ikakhulukazi lapho amagama athile avela ezilimini zama-Bantu noma zaseYurophu. Isibonelo, igama lesiPhuthukezi elithi "pão" (isinkwa) lingase lizwakale lifana negama lethu, kodwa akusho into efanayo. Igama elithi "cobra" esiPhuthukezi lisho "inyoka", kodwa isiZulu asinalo leli gama ngale ndlela. Abalingisi basePortugal nabangamaKatolika bafika eNingizimu Afrika emakhulwini adlule, kodwa akukho amagama amaningi esiZulu athathelwe esiPhuthukezi ngqo. Uma ufunda isiPhuthukezi, qaphela amagama afana namagama awakho kodwa ayehluka ngencazelo, futhi ungacabangi ukuthi amagama ezilimi ezeNtshonalanga ayohlala efana ngoba esizwa kanjalo.
Zulu speakers abantu abantu abakusho Portuguese Yini Izinga Lokunzima?
Izifundo eziyisisekelo ze-Portuguese zilula kakhulu kubantu abakhuluma isiZulu, ikakhulukazi esigabeni se-A1 sokuqala. Uhlamvu lwefayile lufaneleke, amagama amaningi ayabelana kwemithi yeLatini ne-Portuguese, futhi isakhiwo segramatika asinakho kahle kakhulu ama-fraze asimple. Izingqinamba eziyinhloko yilezi. Izivocali zomqondo (ezingekho esiZulwini), uguquko lwe-pronunciation ku-Brazilian Portuguese (njengokuthi 'd' kuyaba 'j' phambi kwa-'i'), kanye nokukhumbula ibanga elithi noun gender. Kodwa-ke, akudingeki ufundiswe ngokuphelele uphumelele ukubonelela izikhathi zokuqonda. Abantu abanakekela ngolimi lwabo bathembele umzamo wanoma muphi umuntu ofunda. Qala ngalezi zifundo ezibalulekile, uzifundisele imikhiqizo, futhi uzokwazi ukuxoxa izikhathi zesikhathi esimfushane kunaokufunwa.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini iziphrase eziyigugu kwakhulu zePortuguese kubasho abasha?
Izisho eziyigugu kwakhulu ziyimikhosi ('Olá'), izisho zokuzithemba ('por favor,' 'obrigado/a'), 'Angiqondi' ('Não entendo'), 'Kuningi kakhulu?' ('Quanto custa?'), kanye 'Ifikisha...?' ('Onde fica?'). Lezi ziminga eziyisihlanu zibheke eminyethweni eniyigugu kubahanjaniswa naba abafundi abasha.
Ingabe iPortuguese yeBrazil ikhethuka kuPortuguese yasePortugali?
Yebo, kukhona umehluko wepronaunsi kanye nokusebenza, ingoba abakhulumi bayaqonda. IPortuguese yeBrazil iguqa i-'d' ne-'t' izikho ngaphambi kwe-'i' ne-'e,' iphonaunsa okugcina i-'r' njengo-'h,' futhi isebenzisa 'você' kuwo 'wena.' IPortuguese yasePortugali inentshingo enobusulwa okunzulu futhi isebenzisa 'tu' kaningi. Izisho ekogidini zisebenza kumabinzangabinza amakhambi, nginokwabhala kokupronaunsa ukuthulisa izici ebibizwaziwe.
Awupronaunsi kanjani izikho ezezenhlalo zesiPortuguese?
IPortuguese inobusulwa bwezenhlalo oyawuthi ukuthi umoya udlele ngaphansi kwenharizi ngalikelne okukhuluma. Bheka izilwimi ezikholelwe i-'m' noma 'n' ekugcineni kwesigaba, noma uThinta omtholakele (~). Amagama njengo-'não,' 'bem,' kanye 'pão' onalo lawa masikho. Imisebenzi ngokugoba inharizi yakho kancane ngalikelne ngokuthi uthi ezikhelele ama-phrase; uma isikho-uthwese-kubukhulu, wenza ukuthembile.
Ngabe kufanele ngsithobekawo i-'obrigado' noma i-'obrigada'?
Kuncike ekubingini sakho, hhayi umuntu ozabuphumeleza okwanele. Amadoda athula 'obrigado' futhi abafazi bathobekawo 'obrigada.' Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igama igoba 'wanele,' futhi kuPortuguese, izisho zesikha kumele zifane nebinza losizo. Yiyona yokuqala kokuvumelana nebinza abantu besikholami abakhuluma isilwimi saku-PortugAu.
Ngabe ngisenqubo sePortuguese uma ngiyazi isiNgisi kuphela?
Yebo. I-English kanye nePortuguese zihol amagama amaningi afanana (ezinkosikazilikazi ezivela kuLatina), futhi uhlonipha wePortuguese awukhethuki ngesikhathi sokukhuluma okusisekelo. Ipronaunsi ithatha igeyezi, ngokukudinga eziziphakamisweni zezenhlalo kanye nesiphindaphindamazwi sePortuguese seBrazil, kodwa isakhiwo sesisho sesisekelo sinalula. Umsebenzi oqhubekela phambilini owokuprounsa nochungechunge lwentlu ezokwazi uzokuthi uvunyelike ekukhulumeni ekushintshayazwanyo kukhulu kune umuntu onelungele enzihlungumlungiselelayo.