Noma ngabe ubuswa ama-pastéis de nata eLisboneni noma ujabulele i-feijoada eRio, ulwazi lwezifakazi eziyinhloko zesiPutukezi zobalo nezithelo kushintshanisa kabusha umugciniselo wakho wokudla. Ilengazo eli lizakufundisa izifakazi ezingu-24 ezisebenzayo zokuh-oda ukudla, ukubuza iziphuzo, ukufunda imenyu, nokusheshela inkokhelo ngokuzithemba. Uzofunda hhaibo ukuthini, kodwa nangabe uyazisho kanjani ngokwentokozo, kanye nezaziselo zesiko ezikusiza ukuba uhlale inhloko-hloko etafuleni lesiPutukezi noma seBrazili.
Okuqukethwe
Izicelo Eziyinhloko: Amanzi, iKhahwi, Nokuningi Okufanayo
Lezi zifakazi eziyinhloko zisiza ukuh-oda iziphuzo nomgcino ozijwayelekile. Qaphela lezi kuqala, futhi awukaze ube nengozi noma omile.
Água, por favor
AH-gwah, poor fah-VOHR
Amanzi, ngiyabonga
Guqula isiphakamiso sokuqala se-'água' ngokuncineka. I-'u' isebenza njengesi-'w' sokubeka umngcelele ku-'a'.
Um café, por favor
oong kah-FEH, poor fah-VOHR
Ikhahwi elilodwa, ngiyabonga
Ungasho 'um' njengelinzuzo lesingelezi 'um'. Yenza kube nasal nanophakamiswe.
Estou com fome
esh-TOH kohng FOH-mee
Ngilambile
EPortugal, 'estou' ifana ne-'shtooh' futhi. EBrazili, ifumene kahle: 'esh-TOH'.
Estou com sede
esh-TOH kohng SEH-djee
Ngiphethe uthakathaka
I-'com' enomsindo wenasal iyinhloko. Bamba umphimbo wakho ngenkathi ushiwo 'kohng' ukuze uthole isandi esililo.
Posso ter um chá?
POH-soo tehr oong SHAH?
Ngingakukuqanda utshwala?
Qinisa ukuba i-'posso' inengeneza ye-'oh', hhaibo 'aw'. Okubili kwe-'s' kuyigcina kube nompumputhe.
Tem pão?
teng POW-ng?
Ingabe ikhona isinkwa?
Qeqesha 'pão' ngosho 'pow' ngomzimba ohohulwe sisikhwela. I-nasalizeshene iyinhloko.
Ukuxoxa Mayelana Nekhono Lokudla
Lezi zifakazi zikusiza ukuxoxa izidingo zesikanyezi nokufunwa, okubalulekile ukuzulazula imenyu nokucacisa ukuthi yini oyodla noma ungodli.
Não como carne
now KOH-moo KAHR-nee
Angidle inyama
Gcina 'não' ibe yomphampu nasal. Ungalenzi ibe inde.
Prefiro peixe
preh-FEE-roo PAY-shee
Ngikhetha izilwanyana zamanzi
Ishumi-dibhulashi kwi-'FEE' ekuprefiro. Ungacingi isiphakamiso sokuqala ngefanele.
Quero arroz
KEH-roo ah-HOHSH
Ngithanda uhlanga
EPortugal, i-'arroz' iphela ngo-'sh' umsindo. EBrazili, 'ah-HOHZ' enomkhuluma we-'z'.
Tem leite?
teng LAY-chee
Ingabe ikhona ubisi?
I-'t' phambi 'e' noma 'i' ngavamile ifana 'ch' eBrazili siPutukezi. EPortugal, ihlala ithixo.
Fruta fresca, por favor
FROO-tah FRESH-kah, poor fah-VOHR
Izithelo ezintsha, ngiyabonga
Gcina amagingqi entokozo futhi ungabingi zithsatsha zimi njengesisingelezi.
Esitolo: Ukuhlalisa kanye Nokuhlongolozer
Nambu izitolo lapho inikezwe umngcelele ekuqaleni kuya ekuhlongolozing nayo esifakazi. Zikusiza ukusho bezumuzi nokwazithemba.
Uma mesa para dois, por favor
OO-mah MEH-zah PAH-rah doysh, poor fah-VOHR
Ithavula lobantu ababili, ngiyabonga
Ungacingi ibe yenshumi 'para'. Ikhona ihubo eliminelayo efuna ngokushesha.
Posso ver o menu?
POH-soo vehr oo meh-NOO?
Ngingabukela imenyu?
I-'r' ekugcineni kwe-'ver' amasiginci kamasiginci ePortugal, cishe ifana 'veh'.
Gostaria de pedir
gohsh-tah-REE-ah djee peh-DEER
Ngithanda ukuhlongolozer
Gcina ishili eliyaweyawayo: gohsh-tah-REE-ah, nengeneza esithazonkombane.
Qual é o prato do dia?
kwahl eh oo PRAH-too doo DEE-ah?
Yini idish yeqanda namuhla?
Ungakweshezi lapho ushilo lokhu. Igumi elilodwa kumele eliphakeme, ikakhulukazi lapho ubuza umbuzo.
Isto está delicioso
EESH-too esh-TAH deh-lee-see-OH-zoo
Loku kumnandi kakhulu
Ishumi ku-'delicioso' elihlala sesiqalo: 'OH'. Yenza kube nokukhanya!
Pode recomendar algo?
POH-djee heh-koh-men-DAHR AHL-goo?
Ungangisa into ethile?
Ishumi lihlala ku-'DAHR' ekugcineni. I-'r' ekugcineni yafothi njengo-'r' abazali abakhulu.
Izithaolele zeKhisethi yesiPutukezi Ongazidinga
Ulwazi lwezizithaolele zasekheyini zisiza ukulifunda imenyu nokuthi nanke kulayini.
A ementa
ah eh-MEN-tah
Imenyu
Gcina isigaba ngasinye sikwanele: eh-MEN-tah. Ungabingi zibhinqe.
A sobremesa
ah soh-breh-MEH-zah
Imphumela
Iskhudluzi: ungacinger isiqubu sokuqala. I-soh-breh-MEH-zah, hhaibo i-SOH-breh-mesa.
A conta
ah KOHN-tah
Inkokhelo
Yenza i-'n' nasal: KOHN-tah, hhaibo KON-tah. I-nasalizeshene iyobakubeka kodwa ubalulekile.
O serviço está incluído?
oo sehr-VEE-soo esh-TAH een-kloo-EE-doo?
Ingabe umsebenzi ubakuqukethiwe?
Yibuye: sehr-VEE-soo (umsebenzi), een-kloo-EE-doo (ibukhethekile). Ishili siyakusiza okukhumbuleni.
Ukwenza Izikhokelo nokubuza Okunqumlilo
Lezi zifakazi zikusiza ukulungela phambi futhi ukuxoxa izidingo eziyinhloko, okwenza umgciniselo wakho wokudla ubulule.
Tenho uma reserva
TEN-yoo OO-mah heh-ZEHR-vah
Nginamakhefu ane-order
TEN-yoo, hhaibo TEN-hoo. I-'nh' ikunqamula, njengesiSpanish 'ñ'.
Sem sobremesa, obrigado/a
seng soh-breh-MEH-zah, oh-bree-GAH-doo/dah
Ngaphandle kwemphumela, ngiyabonga
I-nasal 'sem' iyobakubeka, kungenzel ngezilwalelithi. Elandelani kabusha ngegama elilandelayo.
Estou pronto para pedir
esh-TOH PROHN-too PAH-rah peh-DEER
Ngimisele ukuhlongolozer
Gcina 'pronto' nasal engxenyeni: PROHN-too, hhaibo PRON-too.
Mais alguma coisa?
mighsh ahl-GOO-mah COY-zah?
Okwengeziwe?
I-diphthong ku-'coisa' ifana 'oy' ku-'boy': COY-zah.
Uma garrafa de água
OO-mah gah-HAH-fah djee AH-gwah
Ibhotele lamanzi
I-Garrafa: gah-HAH-fah, nengeneza sesquibilo sesigaba kanye ne-'rr' kulandelana.
Amathiphu
Ukulanda ukudla esitolo nokusestokholo: Lapho ufuna ukulanda ukudla esitolo noma estokhweni sasePutukezi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isiPutukezi sisebenzisa amagama ahlukene ukuchaza izinga noma isilinganiso sokudla. Isibonelo, "um prato de arroz" kusho isitsha sikalayi, kanti "uma dose" kusho isabelo esisodwa esenele umuntu oyedwa. Abasebenzi basestokhweni bayakubuza "Para quantas pessoas?" okuChazayo ukuthi kudliwa abantu abangaki. Uma ufuna ukudla okuncane, sebenzisa igama elithi "meia dose" okusho uhhafu wesabelo. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu nesiZulu lapho sivame nje ukusho "isitsha" noma "ipuleti" ngaphandle kokuhlukana ngobukhulu noma inani labantu abazokudla.
Imisindo yezinhlamvu eziyingozi: IsiZulu nesiPutukezi kukhona imisindo eyahlukene kakhulu. IsiPutukezi sinezinhlamvu ezimbili ezenza umsindo ofana ne-"sh" nesiZulu, kodwa zibhalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: "x" (isibonelo: "peixe" okusho inhlanzi) kanye "ch" (isibonelo: "chá" okusho itiye). Okungaqondakali kakhulu kuZulu abafundi yindlela isiPutukezi esiphimba ngayo u-"r" ekuqaleni kwegama noma emgqeni, lapho wenza umsindo omkhulu ofana no-"h" ophefumulayo. Isibonelo, "rio" akusho "liyo" kodwa uphimiswa njenge-"hiyu". Futhi isiPutukezi sinezikhamiso ezintathile ezahlukene (a, e, i, o, u) futhi zigcina imisindo eyahlukene ngokwesimo, okungefani nesiZulu lapho izikhamiso zihlala ziqinile.
Ukufunda imenu yasestokhweni: Lapho ubheka imenu yasestokhweni yasePutukezi, uzokhumbula ukuthi izinhlobo zokudla zihlelelwe ngokwezigatshana ezithile. "Entradas" kusho ukudla okuncane kokuqala (izitimela), "Pratos principais" kusho ukudla okukhulu okuyinhloko, bese kuthi "Sobremesas" kusho izimuncumuncu. Amagama amaningi avame ukubonakala ku-menu afana "no molho" (usoso), "grelhado" (okugcajwe emlilweni), "frito" (okuthoswe), "cozido" (okuphekwe ngamanzi). IsiPutukezi futhi sisebenzisa u-"de" ukuxhuma ukudla nesithako sawo, isibonelo "sopa de tomate" (usuphu kamatimati). Lokhu kufana nesiZulu lapho sisebenzisa "ka" noma "wa", kodwa isiPutukezi sicacisa kahle kakhulu ngohlelo lwemenu.
Amagama angaba namaqiniso aphambene: Kunamagama esiPutukezi nabukeka noma azwakala njengawesiZulu kodwa anesincazelo ehlukene. Isibonelo, igama lesiPutukezi elithi "massa" libukeka lifana negama elithi "masa" esiZulwini, kodwa kusho ipasta noma i-dough, hhayi ithuba noma isikhathi. Futhi igama elithi "sal" kusho usawoti esiPutukezi, kodwa ungacabanga ukuthi lihlobene negama elithi "isala". Igama elithi "pão" (isinkwa) elizwakala njenge-"pown" lingase likulahlekise ngoba alihlobene naluphi ulimi lwesiZulu. I-"bife" kusho inyama yenkomo ephekeliwe, kodwa akuhlobene negama elithi "ibhavana". Kufanele uqaphele la magama bese uwafunda ngohlelo lwawo wesiPutukezi, hhayi ngokubhekwa kwamagama esiZulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqanjwa kwesikhathi sokudla: IsiPutukezi sihluke kakhulu nesiZulu endleleni esiveza ngayo isikhathi nokudla. ESiZulwini sithi "ngidla" (manje), "bengidle" (esikhathini esedlule), kodwa isiPutukezi sinezindlela eziningi ezixubile zokuveza isikhathi. Isibonelo, "eu como" kusho "ngidla" njalo, kodwa "eu estou comendo" kusho "ngiyakudla manje". Uma ufuna ukusho ukudla okwenzekile kamuva, ungasho "eu comi" (bengidle), kodwa uma usho "eu tenho comido" kuchaza ukudla osukwenzile kaningi kule zikhathi ezedlule. Lapho u-oda estokhweni, bazokusho "O que você vai comer?" (uyodlani?) besebenzisa isenzo se-"ir" (ukuya) kanye ne-infinitive, okuyindlela engavamile esiZulwini lapho sithi nje "uzodlani".
Izinga Likuphi Lesiputukezi Kusitudiwe Sokudla?
Ulimi lwerestorandi yesiputukezi ku-beginner level lulula kakhulu kubasiZulu abasifundisayo. Isigrame sibungile kumikhosi eyisisekelo (amagamsi ambalwa kanye 'por favor' ayakwenza umsebenzi), futhi amagamsi akudla aya-cognates noma aziwa umhlaba wonke. Izinsizwa ezinkulu yilezi: ukuphimisela, ikakhulukazi i-nasal vowels amagamsini avamile njengakuthi 'pão' kanye 'não', kanye nokuqonda izimpendulo zabo abasho abusimu abasebenzisa ikhasi elishubile. Isiputukezi saseYurophu nesiputukezi sasilizali sihluka kakhulu ekuphimiseni, ngakho-ke isithakazelo sokuluguguza esiyitargetile indawo yakho kusiza. Izindaba ezinhle: abasebenzi bendinganiso basekhulu nokethiwe, futhi ngokuvamile banethulelani. Qala nale mikhosi eyisisekelo yamukelani intuthuko ngokushesha, futhi ukudla kuhle ngokwanele ukukunikeza ukunikeza okwahlulekile.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Uthini uma uthanda inkokhelo ku-siPutukezi?
Shisho 'A conta, por favor' okusho 'Inkokhelo, ngiyabonga'. Ezitolo zesiPutukezi, kufanele ukhele inkokhelo ngoba abasiqali abazokunike kasensi. Lokhu kuvumela umuntu wakudla uyalinde nge sikhathi angafuni. Ungakwenza abasiqali bakho bona imvuke yenombolo nomagingqi engumbukele, okuqondakala emhlabeni wonke.
Iyini umehluko phakathi kwePortugal neBrazili ku-Portuguese nokudla?
Izivomulankulu ezilingana iPortugal neBrazili kumagama okudla nokudla, kodwa izandi ziyahluka. IPortugal yomuntu owinshukumi ivoti nesineke, kanti i-Brazil icacile futhi inomhluli. Amagama athile ahluka: iPortugal isebenzisa 'ementa' yemenyu kanti iBrazili ithi 'cardápio'. Amagama ekhahwi ahlukene: i-caffé elifaka 'café' ifumana ikhahwi esilivane ePortugal kodwa ingase ibe ikhahwi engeziwe eBrazili. Okuqedisayo: womabili uyaqonda enye, futhi izifakazi zesitolo zisebenza kuzo omabili ngezinguquko-ndiya ezilinganayo.
Ingabe isishwele silapho esitolweni sasePortugal?
Isishwele ePortugal akuyinto ethile njengase-USA. Inkokhelo yomsebenzi ngavamile ibakuqukethiwe ebhilini (bhekela 'serviço incluído'). Uma umsebenzi umnandi futhi awuqukethiwe, ukungeziwe 5-10% kuzokunqoba kodwa akuyinto eyaziwile. Ukungeziwe inkulumo noma ushiye isimali esincani kusebenzwa. EBrazili, inkokhelo ye-10% yomsebenzi ngavamile igcwaliswa ngokuzilungelelanisa. Emadolobheni ababili, umsebenzi omukuba ungase udinga okwengeziwe, kodwa abasiqali bathola inodumo futhi abathembeli ngesishwele sokudla njengo-USA.